Ubuchwepheshe bokuxhumana obungenantambo budlala indima ebalulekile ku-inthanethi yezinto, buhilela izici eziningi ezahlukene. Lesi sihloko sinikeza isingeniso esifushane kwezinye zezobuchwepheshe bokuxhumana be-IoT ezisetshenziswa kakhulu namuhla.
1. Amanethiwekhi Eselula
Sonke sijwayelene nobuchwepheshe beselula—ubuchwepheshe obufanayo obusetshenziswa kumaselula. Ekuqaleni, lawa manethiwekhi eselula ayeklanyelwe ama-smartphone asebenza ngebhethri futhi ayengafaneleki ukuthuthukiswa kwe-IoT. Kodwa-ke, intuthuko yakamuva yenze ubuchwepheshe beselula bufaneleke kakhulu kuzinhlelo zokusebenza ze-IoT.
Nakuba amanethiwekhi eselula etholakala kabanzi ezindaweni eziningi, ukuxhumana kweselula kuvame ukuba kubi ezindaweni lapho ukuqapha kudingeka khona kakhulu, njengezinyusi, amakhabethe ezinsiza, kanye nezindlu ezingaphansi komhlaba. Nakuba ubuchwepheshe obusha bunciphise ukusetshenziswa kwamandla, ukuxhumana kweselula kusadinga amandla amaningi kunezinye ubuchwepheshe eziningi ezingenantambo.
Amanethiwekhi eselula e-5G, njengobuchwepheshe besizukulwane esilandelayo, inikeza isivinini esikhulu kanye nokuhambahamba, okwenza zifanelekele ukubhekwa kwevidiyo, ukuthuthwa kanye nokuthunyelwa kwempahla, ukudluliselwa kwedatha yezokwelapha, kanye nokwenza izinto ngokuzenzakalela. Kulinganiselwa ukuthi ngo-2024, kuzoba khonaAbasebenzisi beselula be-5G abayizigidigidi eziyi-1.9 emhlabeni jikelele.
2. I-LPWAN
I-LPWAN yasungulwa ukuze ibhekane nezinselele zokuxhumeka kweselula. Uma kuqhathaniswa ne-Bluetooth noma i-Wi-Fi, i-LPWAN ingadlulisela amaphakethe edatha amancane amabanga amade kakhulu.
I-LoRaWANingenye yamanethiwekhi e-IoT asetshenziswa kakhulu, evumela ukuxhumana okude. Idinga ukusetshenziswa kwamandla okuphansi kakhulu kanye nama-chipset angabizi kakhulu. Ngaphezu kwalokho, le nethiwekhi ekude ingahlinzeka ngokuxhumana ezindaweni ezinkulu nezinabantu abaningi.
3. I-Wi-Fi
Nakuba i-Wi-Fi ithandwa kakhulu ezindaweni zasekhaya, ukumbozwa kwayo okulinganiselwe, ukuthembela ekuhlinzekweni kwamandla, kanye nemikhawulo yokukhula kwenza ingasebenzi kahle ezinhlelweni ze-IoT. I-Wi-Fi ifaneleka kakhulu kumadivayisi asekhaya angaxhunywa kalula emthonjeni wamandla futhi ngokuvamile akuyona inketho efanelekile yokuxhumeka kwe-IoT yezimboni.
Izinga le-Wi-Fi elidumile,I-Wi-Fi 6, inikeza i-bandwidth ephezulu ngisho nasezindaweni ezinabantu abaningi. Kodwa-ke, kusadinga ukuthuthukiswa kwengqalasizinda.
4. Amanethiwekhi e-Mesh
Njengoba igama lisikisela, amanethiwekhi e-mesh ancike ekusebenzisaneni phakathi kwezingxenye. Ngokungafani ne-topology yezinkanyezi, lapho wonke ama-node exhumana khona ne-central hub, amanethiwekhi e-mesh adlulisa idatha phakathi kwama-node aze afike esangweni.
Amanethiwekhi e-mesh awasebenzi kahle emabangeni amade futhi adinga inani elikhulu lezinzwa ukuze ahlinzeke ngokumbozwa okwanele. Asebenzisa amandla amaningi ngaphezu kwezinhlelo zokusebenza zebanga elifushane. Kodwa-ke, amanethiwekhi e-mesh aqinile futhi athembekile, avumela ukudluliswa kwedatha okusheshayo kunethiwekhi yonke, futhi kulula ukuwasebenzisa.
5. I-Bluetooth ne-BLE
I-Bluetooth ubuchwepheshe bokuxhumana obudumile obusebenza ibanga elifushane obuklanyelwe ukudlulisa idatha kusuka endaweni eyodwa kuya kwenye noma kusuka endaweni eyodwa kuya kumadivayisi amaningi abathengi.
Ukuze kuhlangatshezwane nezidingo ezithile zamadivayisi e-IoT abathengi,Amandla Aphansi e-Bluetoothyasungulwa. Amadivayisi asebenzisa i-Bluetooth avame ukubhangqwa nama-smartphone, asebenza njengezindawo eziyinhloko zokuthumela idatha efwini. Njengamanje, i-BLE isetshenziswa kakhulu kuamadivayisi agqokwayo ezokwelapha.
6. Izinqubo Zokusebenzisa I-Zigbee Nezinye I-Mesh
I-Zigbee ifana kakhulu nenethiwekhi ye-mesh. Iwubuchwepheshe obungenantambo obusebenza ibanga elifushane obuhlinzeka ngesembozo senethiwekhi ngokudlulisa idatha yenzwa phakathi kwama-node.
Ngokungafani nobuchwepheshe be-LPWAN, iZigbee inikezaamazinga aphezulu edatha anamandla aphansi okusebenza kahleI-Zigbee kanye nezinye izinqubo ezifanayo ze-mesh zifaneleka kakhulu kuzinhlelo zokusebenza ze-IoT ezifushane kuya kweziphakathi lapho ama-node asakazwa khona ngokulinganayo nangokuxineneyo.
Icala lokusetshenziswa kwe-IoT yakudala ye-Zigbee yileliukuzenzekela kwekhayaI-Zigbee ngokuvamile ayibhekwa njengefanele ukusetshenziswa kwezimboni, njengoba ukuxhumana kwayo kungathembeki kangako lapho izinzwa zisakazeke ezindaweni ezinkulu zezwe noma ezindaweni eziyinkimbinkimbi zenethiwekhi.
7. I-LAN / I-PAN
Ama-LAN nama-PAN angamanethiwekhi okudlulisa idatha angabizi kakhulu, kodwa ukuxhumana kwawo akuthembekile. Ezixazululweni ze-IoT, ama-PAN nama-LAN angenantambo ngokuvamile amelelwa yiI-Wi-Fi ne-Bluetooth.
I-Wi-Fi isebenza kahle kakhulu ezindaweni ezivalekile futhi idinga amasignali aqinile kanye nokusondela ezindaweni zokufinyelela ukuze isebenze kahle.
8. Ukuhlonza Imvamisa Yomsakazo
Ukuhlonza Imvamisa Yomsakazo (RFID)isebenzisa amaza omsakazo ukudlulisa ulwazi oluncane emabangeni amafushane kakhulu. Iwusizo kakhulu ezimbonini zokuthengisa nezokuthutha.
Amathegi e-RFID avame ukunamathiselwa emikhiqizweni noma emishinini ekusebenzeni kwempahla, okuvumela amabhizinisi ukuthi alandelele kalula ukunyakaza kwempahla ngesikhathi sangempela. Lobu buchwepheshe busiza ekwenzeni lula ukuphathwa kochungechunge lokuhlinzekwa kanye nempahla. Ezitolo, amathegi e-RFID asetshenziswa kakhulu kuamakhawunta okuzikhokhela wona kanye namashalofu ahlakaniphile.
Isikhathi sokuthunyelwe: Jan-15-2026