Ngokwemibandela ye-layman, ukuhlanganiswa kweInethiwekhi yokudlala kathathukusho ukuthi amanethiwekhi amakhulu amathathu enethiwekhi yezokuxhumana, inethiwekhi yekhompiyutha kanye nenethiwekhi ye-cable TV ingahlinzeka ngezinsizakalo zokuxhumana ezixubile ezihlanganisa izwi, idatha kanye nezithombe ngoguquko lobuchwepheshe. I-Sanhe yigama elibanzi nelezenhlalo. Kulesi sigaba samanje, kubhekiselwa “ephuzwini” ekudluliselweni kokusakaza “ebusweni”, “iphuzu” ekudluliseleni ukuxhumana “kukhomba”, kanye nekhompyutha Ukuhlanganiswa okushintsha isikhathi kwesitoreji kunethiwekhi ukuze kusetshenziswe abantu kangcono akusho ukuhlanganiswa okungokoqobo kwamanethiwekhi amakhulu amathathu ezokuxhumana, amanethiwekhi wamakhompyutha, namanethiwekhi omabonakude wezintambo, kodwa ikakhulukazi ukuhlanganiswa kwebhizinisi kubhekisela ekusetshenzisweni okuphezulu kwebhizinisi. Ngemva “kokuhlanganiswa kwe-Triple-play Network”, abantu bangasebenzisa isilawuli kude se-TV ukuze bashaye izingcingo, babuke amadrama e-TV kumaselula abo, bakhethe amanethiwekhi namatheminali njengoba kudingeka, kanye nokuxhumana okuphelele, i-TV, nokufinyelela ku-inthanethi ngokudonsa ulayini noma ukufinyelela okungenantambo.
Izitebhisi Ezintathu Zokuthuthukiswa Kwe-FTTx
Ukuthuthukiswa kwe-FTTx yaseChina kudlule izigaba ezintathu. Isigaba sokuqala sisuka ku-2005 kuya ku-2007. Lesi sigaba singesesiteji sokuhlola. Ngo-2005, i-China Telecom yaqala ukuhlolwa kwe-EPON fiber-to-the-home e-Beijing, e-Guangzhou, e-Shanghai, nase-Wuhan ukuze kuqinisekiswe ukuvuthwa kweI-EPONuhlelo futhi uhlole isipiliyoni sokwakha. Ngalesi sikhathi, i-China Netcom, i-China Mobile, njll. yenze izivivinyo kanye nezicelo zokuhlola uhlelo lwe-PON. Isilinganiso sokwakha se-FTTx kulesi sigaba sincane kakhulu.
Isigaba sesibili sisuka ngowezi-2008 kuya ku-2009, okuyisigaba esikhulu sokutshala. Ngemva kwesigaba sokuqala somshayeli nocwaningo. I-China Telecom iye yaqaphela ukuvuthwa nokusebenza kwesistimu ye-EPON, futhi ngesikhathi esifanayo yahlola isethi yamamodeli wokwakha we-FTTx, futhi amamodeli wokwakha we-FTTH/FTTB+LAN/FTTB+DSL asesunguliwe. Okubaluleke nakakhulu, ngenxa yenani eliphezulu lezintambo zethusi ngaleso sikhathi, izindleko zemodeli yokwakha ye-FTTB zaba nenzuzo enkulu ngaphezu kwezindleko zokwakha zokubeka izintambo zethusi. Umkhawulokudonsa nokukaleka kwenethiwekhi ye-FTTB bekungcono kunenethiwekhi yokufinyelela ikhebula lethusi. Ngakho-ke, ekupheleni kuka-2007, i-China Telecom yanquma ukwamukela i-FTTB+LAN ukuze ihanjiswe ngezinga elikhulu ezindaweni ezisanda kwakhiwa zedolobha, yenza i-FTTB+DSL optical input kanye noguquko lokuphuma kwethusi ezindaweni ezikhona, futhi imise ngokuphelele ukubekwa kwamanethiwekhi amakhebula ethusi amasha. Kulesi sigaba, ukuthunyelwa kwezinga elikhulu kwe-FTTB kungenxa yokusebenza okungcono kwezindleko.
Isigaba sesithathu saqala ngo-2010, futhi i-FTTx yangena esigabeni esisha sokuthuthuka. Ekuqaleni kuka-2010, uNdunankulu u-Wen Jiabao woMkhandlu Wombuso wengamele umhlangano wesigungu soMkhandlu Wombuso futhi wanquma ukusheshisa ukuhlanganiswa kwenethiwekhi yezokuxhumana, inethiwekhi yomsakazo nethelevishini kanye ne-inthanethi. Kudingeka ukuthi kusheshiswe ukwakhiwa kwe-fiber-optic broadband network kanye noguquko lwezindlela ezimbili zamanethiwekhi omsakazo nomabonakude, kanye nokuthi ezokuxhumana nomsakazo kanye nomabonakude kufanele kuvulelene izimakethe zabo futhi kuqhudelane ngokunengqondo. "Ukuhlanganiswa kwe-Triple play" kwethule izimbangi ezintsha nezinkundla ezintsha zokuncintisana kuyo yonke imboni yezokuxhumana.
Ngo-April, izinkonzo eziyisi-7 namakhomishini ahlanganisa uMnyango Wezimboni Nobuchwepheshe Bolwazi kanye neKhomishana Kazwelonke Yezokuthuthukiswa Nezinguquko ngokuhlanganyela bakhipha “Imibono Yokuthuthukisa Ukwakhiwa Kwe-Optical Fiber Broadband Networks”, edinga opharetha bezingcingo ukuba basheshise ukwakhiwa kwe-optical fiber Broadband, futhi kusheshiswe ukuqaliswa kwe-fiber optic broadband emadolobheni nasemadolobhaneni asezindaweni zasemakhaya. "Imibono" iphakamisa ukuthi ngo-2011, inani le-optical fiber broadband port lizodlula izigidi ezingu-80, umthamo ojwayelekile wokufinyelela wabasebenzisi basemadolobheni uzofinyelela ngaphezu kuka-8 Mbit/s, umthamo ojwayelekile wokufinyelela wabasebenzisi basemaphandleni uzofinyelela ngaphezu kuka-2 Mbit/s, futhi umthamo omaphakathi wokufinyelela wabasebenzisi bezakhiwo zezohwebo uzozuza ngokuyisisekelo ngaphezu kuka-100 Mbit/s. ikhono lokufaka. Phakathi neminyaka emi-3, ukutshalwa kwezimali ekwakhiweni kwenethiwekhi ye-fiber optic broadband kuzodlula ama-yuan ayizigidi eziyizinkulungwane ezingu-150, futhi inani labasebenzisi abasha be-broadband lizodlula izigidi ezingu-50.
Kuhlanganiswe nohlelo lokwakha lwe-NGB olwakhishwa ngaphambilini Uphiko Lwezokuphathwa Kwezwe Lomsakazo, Amafilimu Nethelevishini, umkhawulokudonsa wokufinyelela womuzi ngamunye uyadingeka ukuze ufinyelele ku-40Mbit/s. Umncintiswano owethulwe "ngokudlala kathathu" kancane kancane ugxile emncintiswaneni wokufinyelela komkhawulokudonsa. Abaqhubi be-Telecom kanye nabaqhubi bemisakazo nethelevishini bamukele ngazwi linye i-FTTx njengobuchwepheshe obukhethwayo bokwakhiwa kwenethiwekhi yokufinyelela ngesivinini esiphezulu. Lokhu kwenza ukuthuthukiswa kwe-FTTx kushintshe kusuka entweni yezindleko kuya entweni yokuncintisana yemakethe. Ukuthuthukiswa kwe-FTTx sekungene esigabeni esisha.
Ngokomunye umbono, kungenxa yokuthunyelwa okukhulu nokuvuthiwe kwe-FTTx e-China ukuthi izwe likholelwa ukuthi ngokombono wezobuchwepheshe kanye nochungechunge lwezimboni, kunesisekelo sobuchwepheshe kanye nezinto ezibonakalayo zokusheshisa "ukuhlanganiswa kwenethiwekhi kathathu". Ngokusekelwe esidingweni sokwandisa isidingo sasekhaya kanye nokuthuthukisa izinga lobuchwepheshe bolwazi bezwe lami, izwe lethule isu likazwelonke “lokuhlanganiswa kwe-Triple-play Network” ngokuhamba kwesikhathi. Kungashiwo ukuthi kukhona ubudlelwano obusondelene phakathi kokuthuthukiswa kwemboni ye-FTTx yaseChina kanye nesu likazwelonke “lokuhlanganiswa kwe-Triple-play Network”.
"Ukudlala okuthathu" kubangela ukusungulwa kwemibono yokuthuthukiswa kwe-FTTx
I-Fiber-to-the-x (I-FTTx) ukufinyelela i-fiber (FTTx, x = H ekhaya, P yezakhiwo, C yomgwaqo kanye no-N we-node noma indawo) lapho i-FTTH fiber eya ekhaya, i-FTTP fiber eya endaweni, i-FTTC fiber eya ku-Roadside/umphakathi, i-FTTN fiber ukuya endaweni. I-Fiber-to-the-home (i-FTTH) bekuyiphupho nesiqondiso sobuchwepheshe abantu asebelokhu besiphishekela iminyaka engu-20, kodwa ngenxa yezingqinamba zezindleko, ubuchwepheshe, nokufunwa, ayikathuthukiswa futhi ithuthukiswe kabanzi. Nokho, lokhu kuhamba kancane kwenqubekelaphambili muva nje kushintshe kakhulu. Ngenxa yokusekelwa kwenqubomgomo nokuthuthukiswa kobuchwepheshe, i-FTTH isiphinde yaba indawo eshisayo ngemva kweminyaka eminingi yokuthula, ingena enkathini yentuthuko esheshayo. Ukunethezeka kanye nokuba lula kwempilo okulethwa izinhlelo zokusebenza ezahlukahlukene ezihlobene ne-broadband njenge-VoIP, i-Online-game, i-E-learning, i-MOD (i-Multimedia on Demand) kanye nekhaya elihlakaniphile, kanye nokubuka okunencazelo ephezulu okudalwe yi-HDTV Uguquko lwenze i-optical fiber enezici ezinhle kakhulu ezifana nomkhawulokudonsa ophezulu, umthamo omkhulu, nokulahlekelwa okuphansi ukukhetha okungenakugwenywa kudatha edlulisa iklayenti. Ngenxa yalokhu, abantu abaningi abanokuqonda babheka i-FTTx (ikakhulukazi i-fiber-to-the-home kanye ne-fiber-to-the-premises) njengenguquko ebalulekile ekubuyiseleni imakethe yokuxhumana optical. Futhi kulindeleke ukuthi eminyakeni embalwa ezayo, inethiwekhi ye-FTTH izoba nentuthuko enkulu.
I-China Telecom ihlela ukwakha amanethiwekhi e-FTTH ayisigidi esingu-1 ngo-2010. I-Beijing, i-Shanghai, i-Jiangsu, i-Zhejiang, i-Guangdong, i-Wuhan nezinye izifundazwe namadolobha nawo ahlongoze ngokulandelana izinsiza ze-broadband zesivinini esikhulu njengokufinyelela ku-20Mbit/s. Kungabikezelwa ukuthi imodi yokwakha ye-FTTH (fiber-to-the-home) izoba imodi yokwakha evamile ye-FTTx kusukela ngo-2011 kuya phambili. Izinga lemboni ye-FTTx nalo lizokhula ngokufanele. Kubaqhubi bomsakazo nomabonakude, ngemva “kokuhlanganiswa kwamanethiwekhi amathathu”, indlela yokwenza ngokushesha ukuguqulwa kwezindlela ezimbili zenethiwekhi ekhona nokuthuthukisa izinsiza ezintsha ezifana ne-TV esebenzisanayo, ukufinyelela kwe-inthanethi ye-broadband, nokufinyelela ngezwi kuyinto ehamba phambili. Kodwa-ke, ngenxa yokuntuleka kwezimali, ubuchwepheshe, kanye namakhono, akunakwenzeka ukuchitha imali eningi ukwakha inethiwekhi yezokuxhumana yezinga eliphezulu. Singasebenzisa kuphela izinsiza zenethiwekhi ezikhona, thepha amandla, futhi sakhe kancane kancane.
Isikhathi sokuthumela: Jun-27-2023