Ngokwemibono yabantu abavamile, ukuhlanganiswaInethiwekhi yokudlala kathathukusho ukuthi amanethiwekhi amathathu amakhulu enethiwekhi yokuxhumana, inethiwekhi yamakhompyutha kanye nenethiwekhi ye-TV yekhebula anganikeza izinsizakalo zokuxhumana ze-multimedia eziphelele kufaka phakathi izwi, idatha kanye nezithombe ngokuguqulwa kobuchwepheshe. I-Sanhe yigama elibanzi nelingokwenhlalo. Kulesi sigaba samanje, libhekisela “ephuzwini” ekusakazweni kokusakaza “ebusweni”, “iphuzwini” ekusakazweni kokuxhumana “ephuzwini”, kanye nekhompyutha Ukuhlanganiswa okushintshashintsha isikhathi kwesitoreji kunethiwekhi ukuze kusebenze kangcono abantu akusho ukuhlanganiswa ngokomzimba kwamanethiwekhi amathathu amakhulu amanethiwekhi okuxhumana, amanethiwekhi amakhompyutha, kanye namanethiwekhi ethelevishini yekhebula, kodwa ikakhulukazi kubhekisela ekuhlanganisweni kwezinhlelo zokusebenza zebhizinisi ezisezingeni eliphezulu. Ngemuva “kokuhlanganiswa kweNethiwekhi Edlala Kathathu”, abantu bangasebenzisa isilawuli kude se-TV ukwenza izingcingo, babukele amadrama e-TV kumaselula abo, bakhethe amanethiwekhi nama-terminal njengoba kudingeka, kanye nokuxhumana okuphelele, i-TV, kanye nokufinyelela i-inthanethi ngokumane badonse umugqa noma ukufinyelela okungenantambo.
Izitebhisi Ezintathu Zokuthuthukiswa kwe-FTTx
Intuthuko ye-FTTx yaseShayina idlule ezigabeni ezintathu. Isigaba sokuqala sisukela ngo-2005 kuya ku-2007. Lesi sigaba singesesigaba sokuhlola. Ngo-2005, i-China Telecom yaqala izivivinyo ze-EPON fiber-to-the-home eBeijing, eGuangzhou, eShanghai naseWuhan ukuqinisekisa ukuvuthwa kweI-EPONuhlelo futhi uhlole ulwazi lokwakha. Phakathi nalesi sikhathi, i-China Netcom, i-China Mobile, njll. zenze izivivinyo kanye nezicelo zokuhlola ohlelweni lwe-PON. Isikali sokwakha se-FTTx kulesi sigaba sincane kakhulu.
Isigaba sesibili sisukela ngo-2008 kuya ku-2009, okuyisigaba sokusabalalisa esikhulu. Ngemva kwesigaba sokuqala sokuhlola nokucwaninga, i-China Telecom iqaphele ukuvuthwa nokusebenza kohlelo lwe-EPON, futhi ngesikhathi esifanayo ihlole isethi yamamodeli okwakha e-FTTx, kanye namamodeli okwakha e-FTTH/FTTB+LAN/FTTB+DSL asemisiwe. Okubaluleke kakhulu, ngenxa yentengo ephezulu yamakhebula ethusi ngaleso sikhathi, izindleko zomodeli wokwakha we-FTTB zazinenzuzo enkulu kunezindleko zokwakha zokubeka amakhebula ethusi. Ububanzi kanye nokwanda kwenethiwekhi ye-FTTB kwakungcono kunokwenethiwekhi yokufinyelela ikhebula lethusi. Ngakho-ke, ekupheleni kuka-2007, i-China Telecom yanquma ukusebenzisa i-FTTB+LAN yokusabalalisa okukhulu ezindaweni ezakhiwe kabusha edolobheni, ukwenza ukuguqulwa kokufakwayo kwe-FTTB+DSL kanye nokuguqulwa kokukhishwa kwethusi ezindaweni ezikhona, futhi imise ngokuphelele ukufakwa kwamanethiwekhi amasha ekhebula lethusi. Kulesi sigaba, ukuthunyelwa okukhulu kwe-FTTB kungenxa yokusebenza kwezindleko okungcono.
Isigaba sesithathu saqala ngo-2010, kwathi i-FTTx yangena esigabeni esisha sentuthuko. Ekuqaleni kuka-2010, uNdunankulu uWen Jiabao woMkhandlu Wezwe wengamela umhlangano ophethe woMkhandlu Wezwe futhi wanquma ukusheshisa ukuhlanganiswa kwenethiwekhi yezokuxhumana, inethiwekhi yomsakazo nethelevishini kanye ne-inthanethi. Kuyadingeka ukusheshisa ukwakhiwa kwenethiwekhi yokufinyelela i-broadband ye-fiber-optic kanye nokuguqulwa kwenethiwekhi yomsakazo nethelevishini ngezindlela ezimbili, nokuthi ezokuxhumana kanye nomsakazo nethelevishini kufanele zivulelane izimakethe zazo futhi zincintisane ngokufanele. "Ukuhlanganiswa kwemidlalo emithathu" kwethule abancintisani abasha kanye nezinkambu ezintsha zokuncintisana embonini yonke yezokuxhumana.
Ngo-Ephreli, iminyango kanye namakhomishini angu-7 okuhlanganisa noMnyango Wezimboni Nobuchwepheshe Bolwazi kanye neKhomishini Yentuthuko Nokuguqulwa Kazwelonke bakhiphe ngokubambisana "Imibono Yokukhuthaza Ukwakhiwa Kwamanethiwekhi E-Broadband E-Optical Fiber", edinga abaqhubi bezokuxhumana ukuba basheshise ukwakhiwa kwe-broadband ye-optical fiber, futhi basheshise ukuqaliswa kwe-broadband ye-fiber optic emadolobheni nasemadolobhaneni asezindaweni zasemakhaya. "Imibono" iphakamisa ukuthi ngo-2011, inani lamachweba e-broadband e-optical fiber lizodlula izigidi ezingu-80, isilinganiso somthamo wokufinyelela wabasebenzisi basemadolobheni sizofinyelela ngaphezu kuka-8 Mbit/s, isilinganiso somthamo wokufinyelela wabasebenzisi basemakhaya sizofinyelela ngaphezu kuka-2 Mbit/s, kanti isilinganiso somthamo wokufinyelela wabasebenzisi bezakhiwo zezentengiselwano sizofinyelela ngokuyisisekelo ikhono lokufaka elingaphezu kuka-100 Mbit/s. Phakathi neminyaka emi-3, ukutshalwa kwezimali ekwakhiweni kwenethiwekhi ye-broadband ye-fiber optic kuzodlula ama-yuan ayizigidi eziyizinkulungwane ezingu-150, kanti inani labasebenzisi abasha be-broadband lizodlula izigidi ezingu-50.
Kuhlanganiswe nohlelo lokwakhiwa kwe-NGB olukhishwe ngaphambilini yi-State Administration of Radio, Film and Television, i-bandwidth yokufinyelela yomndeni ngamunye iyadingeka ukuze ifinyelele ku-40Mbit/s. Umncintiswano owethulwe yi-"triple play" ugxile kancane kancane emncintiswaneni we-bandwidth yokufinyelela. Abaqhubi bezingcingo kanye nabaqhubi beziteshi zomsakazo nethelevishini bamukele ngazwi linye i-FTTx njengobuchwepheshe obukhethwayo bokwakhiwa kwenethiwekhi yokufinyelela esheshayo. Lokhu kwenza ukuthuthukiswa kwe-FTTx kushintshe kusuka ekubeni yisici sezindleko kuya ekubeni yisici sokuncintisana emakethe. Ukuthuthukiswa kwe-FTTx kungene esigabeni esisha.
Ngakolunye uhlangothi, kungenxa yokusabalalisa okukhulu nokuvuthiwe kwe-FTTx eShayina ukuthi izwe likholelwa ukuthi ngokombono wobuchwepheshe kanye nochungechunge lwezimboni, kunesisekelo sobuchwepheshe kanye nezinto ezibonakalayo sokusheshisa "ukuhlanganiswa kwenethiwekhi kathathu". Ngokusekelwe esidingweni sokwandisa isidingo sasekhaya nokuthuthukisa izinga lobuchwepheshe bolwazi bezwe lami, izwe laqala isu likazwelonke "lokuhlanganiswa kweNethiwekhi Edlala Kathathu" ngesikhathi esifanele. Kungashiwo ukuthi kunobudlelwano obuncikene kakhulu phakathi kwentuthuko yemboni ye-FTTx yaseShayina kanye nesu likazwelonke "lokuhlanganiswa kweNethiwekhi Edlala Kathathu".
"Ukudlala kathathu" kuvuselela imibono yokuthuthukisa i-FTTx
I-Fiber-to-the-x (I-FTTx) ukufinyelela kwefayibha (i-FTTx, x = H yekhaya, i-P yezakhiwo, i-C yendlela kanye ne-N ye-node noma indawo) lapho i-FTTH fiber eya ekhaya, i-FTTP fiber eya endaweni, i-FTTC fiber eya eceleni komgwaqo/umphakathi, i-FTTN fiber eya e-node. I-Fiber-to-the-home (FTTH) ibilokhu iyiphupho kanye nesiqondiso sobuchwepheshe abantu abebelokhu belandela iminyaka engama-20, kodwa ngenxa yezithiyo ezindleleni, ubuchwepheshe, kanye nesidingo, ayikathuthukiswa kabanzi futhi ithuthukiswe. Kodwa-ke, leli jubane elihamba kancane lentuthuko lishintshe kakhulu muva nje. Ngenxa yokusekelwa kwenqubomgomo kanye nentuthuko yezobuchwepheshe, i-FTTH iphinde yaba yindawo eshisayo ngemuva kweminyaka eminingi yokuthula, ingena esikhathini sokuthuthukiswa okusheshayo. Induduzo kanye nokulula kwempilo okulethwe izinhlelo zokusebenza ezahlukahlukene ezihlobene ze-broadband njenge-VoIP, i-Online-game, i-E-learning, i-MOD (i-Multimedia on Demand) kanye ne-smart home, kanye nokubuka okunencazelo ephezulu okubangelwa yi-HDTV. Uguquko lwenze i-optical fiber enezici ezinhle kakhulu njenge-bandwidth ephezulu, umthamo omkhulu, kanye nokulahlekelwa okuphansi kwaba ukukhetha okungenakugwenywa kwe-medium edlulisela idatha kuklayenti. Ngenxa yalokhu, abantu abaningi abanokuqonda babheka i-FTTx (ikakhulukazi i-fiber-to-the-home kanye ne-fiber-to-the-place) njengesikhathi esibalulekile sokushintsha ekubuyiselweni kwemakethe yokuxhumana kwe-optical. Futhi kulindeleke ukuthi eminyakeni embalwa ezayo, inethiwekhi ye-FTTH izoba nentuthuko enkulu.
I-China Telecom ihlela ukwakha amanethiwekhi e-FTTH ayisigidi esingu-1 ngo-2010. I-Beijing, i-Shanghai, i-Jiangsu, i-Zhejiang, i-Guangdong, i-Wuhan kanye nezinye izifundazwe kanye namadolobha nazo ziphakamise ngokulandelana izinsizakalo ze-broadband ezisheshayo njengokufinyelela kwe-20Mbit/s. Kungabikezelwa ukuthi imodi yokwakha ye-FTTH (fiber-to-the-home) izoba imodi yokwakha ye-FTTx evamile kusukela ngo-2011 kuqhubeke. Ubukhulu bemboni ye-FTTx buzokhula ngokufanele. Kubasebenzi bomsakazo kanye nethelevishini, ngemuva "kokuhlanganiswa kwenethiwekhi ezintathu", indlela yokwenza ngokushesha ukuguqulwa kwenethiwekhi ekhona kanye nokuthuthukisa izinsizakalo ezintsha ezifana ne-TV exhumanayo, ukufinyelela i-inthanethi ye-broadband, kanye nokufinyelela ngezwi kuyinto eza kuqala. Kodwa-ke, ngenxa yokuntuleka kwemali, ubuchwepheshe, kanye namakhono, akunakwenzeka ukusebenzisa imali eningi ukwakha inethiwekhi yokuxhumana esezingeni eliphezulu. Singasebenzisa kuphela izinsiza zenethiwekhi ezikhona, sithinte amandla, futhi sakhe kancane kancane.
Isikhathi sokuthunyelwe: Juni-27-2023