Izinto ezisetshenziswa ukukhiqiza imicu ye-optical zingamunca amandla okukhanya. Ngemva kokuba izinhlayiya ezitholakala ezintweni ze-optical fiber zimunca amandla okukhanya, zikhiqiza ukudlidliza nokushisa, bese zikhipha amandla, okuholela ekulahlekelweni kokumunca.Lesi sihloko sizohlaziya ukulahlekelwa kokumuncwa kwezinto ze-optical fiber.
Siyazi ukuthi izinto ezidaliwe zakhiwe ngama-athomu nama-molecule, kanti ama-athomu akhiwe ngama-nuclei e-athomu kanye nama-electron angaphandle kwe-nuclear, ajikeleza i-nucleus ye-athomu endaweni ethile. Lokhu kufana noMhlaba esiphila kuwo, kanye namaplanethi afana neVenus neMars, wonke ajikeleza iLanga. I-electron ngayinye inesilinganiso esithile samandla futhi isendaweni ethile, noma ngamanye amazwi, indawo ngayinye inezinga elithile lamandla.
Amazinga wamandla e-orbital aseduze ne-nucleus ye-athomu aphansi, kuyilapho amazinga wamandla e-orbital akude kakhulu ne-nucleus ye-athomu ephakeme.Ubukhulu bomehluko wezinga lamandla phakathi kwemizila bubizwa ngokuthi umehluko wezinga lamandla. Lapho ama-electron eshintsha esuka ezingeni lamandla aphansi aye ezingeni lamandla aphezulu, adinga ukumunca amandla ngomehluko wezinga lamandla ohambisanayo.
Kuma-fiber optical, lapho ama-electron asezingeni elithile lamandla ekhanyiswa ngokukhanya kobude be-wavelength obuhambisana nomehluko wezinga lamandla, ama-electron atholakala kuma-orbital anamandla aphansi azoshintshela kuma-orbital anamazinga aphezulu wamandla.Le electron imunca amandla okukhanya, okuholela ekulahlekelweni kokukhanya kokumunca.
Izinto eziyisisekelo zokukhiqiza imicu ye-optical, i-silicon dioxide (SiO2), ngokwayo imunca ukukhanya, enye ibizwa ngokuthi ukumuncwa kwe-ultraviolet kanti enye ibizwa ngokuthi ukumuncwa kwe-infrared. Njengamanje, ukuxhumana kwe-fiber optic ngokuvamile kusebenza kuphela ebangeni lamaza okukhanya elingu-0.8-1.6 μ m, ngakho-ke sizoxoxa kuphela ngokulahlekelwa kule ndawo yokusebenza.
Isilinganiso sokumuncwa esidalwa ukushintsha kwe-elekthronikhi engilazini ye-quartz sicishe sibe yi-0.1-0.2 μ m ubude besikhathi esifundeni se-ultraviolet. Njengoba ubude besikhathi bukhula, ukumuncwa kwayo kwehla kancane kancane, kodwa indawo ethintekile ibanzi, ifinyelela ubude besikhathi obungaphezu kwe-1 μ m. Kodwa-ke, ukumuncwa kwe-UV akunawo umthelela omkhulu kuma-fiber optical e-quartz asebenza esifundeni se-infrared. Isibonelo, esifundeni sokukhanya okubonakalayo kubude besikhathi obungu-0.6 μ m, ukumuncwa kwe-ultraviolet kungafinyelela ku-1dB/km, okwehla kube yi-0.2-0.3dB/km kubude besikhathi obungu-0.8 μ m, kanye ne-0.1dB/km kuphela kubude besikhathi obungu-1.2 μ m.
Ukulahleka kokumuncwa kwe-quartz nge-infrared kudalwa ukudlidliza kwama-molecule kwezinto ezisendaweni ye-infrared. Kuneziqongo eziningana zokumuncwa kokudlidliza ebhendini lemvamisa elingaphezu kuka-2 μ m. Ngenxa yethonya lezinto ezahlukahlukene zokusebenzisa izidakamizwa kuma-optical fibers, akunakwenzeka ukuthi ama-quartz fiber abe nefasitela lokulahlekelwa eliphansi ebhendini lemvamisa elingaphezu kuka-2 μ m. Ukulahlekelwa komkhawulo wethiyori ku-wavelength engu-1.85 μ m yi-ldB/km.Ngocwaningo, kutholakale nokuthi kukhona "ama-molecule abhubhisayo" abangela inkinga engilazini ye-quartz, ikakhulukazi ukungcola kwensimbi okuyingozi njengobhedu, insimbi, i-chromium, i-manganese, njll. Laba "babi" badonsa amandla okukhanya ngokuhaha ngaphansi kokukhanya, begxuma futhi begxuma, okubangela ukulahlekelwa amandla okukhanya. Ukususa "ababangela izinkinga" nokuhlanza ngamakhemikhali izinto ezisetshenziselwa ukukhiqiza imicu ye-optical kunganciphisa kakhulu ukulahleka.
Omunye umthombo wokumunca kuma-fiber optical e-quartz yisigaba se-hydroxide (OH -). Kutholakale ukuthi i-hydroxide ineziqongo ezintathu zokumunca ebhendini yokusebenza ye-fiber, okuyi-0.95 μ m, 1.24 μ m, kanye ne-1.38 μ m. Phakathi kwazo, ukulahlekelwa kokumunca ku-wavelength engu-1.38 μ m kuyingozi kakhulu futhi kunomthelela omkhulu ku-fiber. Ku-wavelength engu-1.38 μ m, ukulahlekelwa okuphezulu kokumunca okukhiqizwa ama-ion e-hydroxide anokuqukethwe okungu-0.0001 kuphela kuphakeme njengo-33dB/km.
Avelaphi lawa ma-ion e-hydroxide? Kunemithombo eminingi yama-ion e-hydroxide. Okokuqala, izinto ezisetshenziswa ukukhiqiza imicu ye-optical ziqukethe umswakama kanye nama-compound e-hydroxide, okunzima ukuwasusa ngesikhathi senqubo yokuhlanzwa kwezinto zokusetshenziswa futhi ekugcineni ahlale ngesimo sama-ion e-hydroxide kuma-fiber e-optical; Okwesibili, ama-compound e-hydrogen kanye ne-oxygen asetshenziswa ekwenziweni kwemicu ye-optical aqukethe inani elincane lomswakama; Okwesithathu, amanzi akhiqizwa ngesikhathi senqubo yokukhiqiza imicu ye-optical ngenxa yokusabela kwamakhemikhali; Okwesine ukuthi ukungena komoya wangaphandle kuletha umhwamuko wamanzi. Kodwa-ke, inqubo yokukhiqiza manje isithuthuke kakhulu, futhi okuqukethwe kwama-ion e-hydroxide kuncishisiwe kwaba sezingeni eliphansi ngokwanele kangangokuthi umthelela wayo kuma-fiber e-optical unganganakwa.
Isikhathi sokuthunyelwe: Okthoba-23-2025