Izinto ezisetshenziselwa ukwenza imicu ye-optical zingamunca amandla okukhanya. Ngemva kokuba izinhlayiya ezisezintweni ze-fiber optical zimunca amandla okukhanya, zikhiqiza ukudlidliza nokushisa, futhi zichithe amandla, okuholela ekulahlekelweni kokumuncwa.Lesi sihloko sizohlaziya ukulahlekelwa kokumuncwa kwezinto zefiber optical.
Siyazi ukuthi i-matter yakhiwa ama-athomu nama-molecule, futhi ama-athomu akhiwe nge-nuclei ye-athomu nama-electron e-extranuclear, azungeza i-nucleus ye-athomu emzileni othile. Lokhu kufana ncamashi noMhlaba esiphila kuwo, kanye namaplanethi afana neVenus neMars, wonke azungeza iLanga. I-electron ngayinye inenani elithile lamandla futhi iku-orbit ethile, noma ngamanye amazwi, i-orbit ngayinye inezinga elithile lamandla.
Amazinga wamandla e-orbital aseduze ne-nucleus ye-athomu aphansi, kuyilapho amazinga e-orbital energy ekude ne-nucleus ye-athomu ephakeme.Ubukhulu bomehluko wezinga lamandla phakathi kwama-orbits bubizwa ngokuthi umehluko wezinga lamandla. Lapho ama-electron eshintsha esuka ezingeni eliphansi lamandla aye ezingeni eliphezulu lamandla, adinga ukumunca amandla kumehluko wezinga lamandla ohambisanayo.
Kuma-optical fibers, lapho ama-electron asezingeni elithile lamandla ekhanyiswa ukukhanya kwe-wavelength ehambisana nomehluko wezinga lamandla, ama-electron atholakala kuma-orbitals angamandla amancane azoshintshela kuma-orbitals anamazinga aphezulu wamandla.Le electron imunca amandla okukhanya, okuholela ekulahlekelweni kokukhanya.
Izinto eziyisisekelo zokukhiqiza ama-optical fibers, i-silicon dioxide (SiO2), yona ngokwayo imunca ukukhanya, enye ebizwa ngokuthi ukumuncwa kwe-ultraviolet kanti enye ibizwa ngokuthi ukumuncwa kwe-infrared. Njengamanje, ukuxhumana kwe-fiber optic ngokuvamile kusebenza kuphela ebangeni le-wavelength lika-0.8-1.6 μ m, ngakho-ke sizoxoxa kuphela ngokulahlekelwa kule ndawo yokusebenza.
Isiqongo sokumuncwa esikhiqizwe ukushintsha kwe-elekthronikhi engilazini ye-quartz sicishe sibe ngu-0.1-0.2 μ m ubude wamaza endaweni ye-ultraviolet. Njengoba i-wavelength ikhula, ukumuncwa kwayo kuncipha kancane kancane, kodwa indawo ethintekile ibanzi, ifinyelela amaza angaphezu kuka-1 μ m. Kodwa-ke, ukumuncwa kwe-UV kunomphumela omncane kumafiber optical e-quartz asebenza endaweni ye-infrared. Isibonelo, endaweni yokukhanya ebonakalayo ku-wavelength engu-0.6 μ m, ukumuncwa kwe-ultraviolet kungafinyelela ku-1dB/km, okwehla ku-0.2-0.3dB/km nge-wavelength engu-0.8 μ m, futhi kuphela mayelana ne-0.1dB/km ku-wavelength μ m1.2 μm.
Ukulahlekelwa kokumuncwa kwe-infrared kwefayibha ye-quartz kwenziwa ukudlidliza kwamangqamuzana okubalulekile endaweni ye-infrared. Kuneziqongo ezimbalwa zokumuncwa kokudlidliza kubhendi yefrikhwensi engaphezu kuka-2 μ m. Ngenxa yethonya lezinto ezihlukahlukene ze-doping ku-fiber optical, akunakwenzeka ukuthi imicu ye-quartz ibe nefasitela eliphansi lokulahlekelwa ku-band frequency ngaphezu kwe-2 μ m. Ukulahlekelwa komkhawulo wetiyori kubude begagasi obungu-1.85 μ m ngu-ldB/km.Ngocwaningo, kuphinde kwatholakala ukuthi kukhona "ama-molecule abhubhisayo" adala inkinga engilazini ye-quartz, ikakhulukazi ukungcola kwensimbi yenguquko eyingozi njengethusi, insimbi, i-chromium, i-manganese, njll. Lezi \ 'izigebengu\' zimunca ngokuhaha amandla okukhanya ngaphansi kokukhanya, ukugxuma nokugxuma, okubangela ukulahlekelwa amandla. Ukuqeda \'abenzi bezinkinga\' kanye nokuhlanza ngamakhemikhali izinto ezisetshenziswa ukwenza ama-optical fibers kunganciphisa kakhulu ukulahlekelwa.
Omunye umthombo wokumuncwa kuma-quartz optical fibers yisigaba se-hydroxide (OH -). Kutholakale ukuthi i-hydroxide ineziqongo ezintathu zokumunca ebhendini yokusebenza yefiber, engu-0.95 μ m, 1.24 μ m, kanye no-1.38 μ m. Phakathi kwazo, ukulahlekelwa kokumuncwa ku-wavelength ye-1.38 μ m kubi kakhulu futhi kunomthelela omkhulu ku-fiber. Kubude begagasi obungu-1.38 μ m, ukulahlekelwa okuphezulu kokumuncwa okukhiqizwa ama-ion e-hydroxide anokuqukethwe okungu-0.0001 kuphela kuphezulu njengo-33dB/km.
Avelaphi la ma-ion hydroxide? Kunemithombo eminingi ye-hydroxide ion. Okokuqala, izinto ezisetshenziselwa ukukhiqiza ama-optical fibers ziqukethe umswakama kanye ne-hydroxide compounds, okunzima ukuyisusa ngesikhathi senqubo yokuhlanza impahla eluhlaza futhi ekugcineni ihlale isesimweni se-hydroxide ion emicu optical; Okwesibili, izinhlanganisela ze-hydrogen ne-oxygen ezisetshenziswa ekukhiqizeni ama-optical fibers ziqukethe umswakama omncane; Okwesithathu, amanzi akhiqizwa ngesikhathi sokukhiqiza ama-optical fibers ngenxa yokusabela kwamakhemikhali; Okwesine ukuthi ukungena komoya wangaphandle kuletha umhwamuko wamanzi. Kodwa-ke, inqubo yokukhiqiza manje isithuthuke yaba sezingeni eliphezulu, futhi okuqukethwe kwe-ion hydroxide kuye kwancishiswa ezingeni eliphansi ngokwanele ukuthi umthelela wayo emiculweni yokubona unganakwa.
Isikhathi sokuthumela: Oct-23-2025