Ezweni lokuxhumana nge-optical fiber, ukukhethwa kobude be-wavelength yokukhanya kufana nokulungisa isiteshi somsakazo—kuphela ngokukhetha imvamisa efanele lapho izimpawu zingadluliselwa khona ngokucacile nangokuzinzile. Kungani amanye amamojula e-optical enebanga lokudlulisa elingamamitha angu-500 kuphela, kanti amanye angadlula amakhulu amakhilomitha? Imfihlo itholakala kumbala wokukhanya—okungukuthi, ngokuqondile, ubude be-wavelength yokukhanya.
Kumanethiwekhi okuxhumana kwe-optical anamuhla, amamojula e-optical anama-wavelength ahlukene adlala indima ehlukene kakhulu. Ama-wavelength amathathu ayinhloko—850nm, 1310nm, kanye no-1550nm—akha uhlaka oluyisisekelo lokuxhumana kwe-optical, ngalinye ligxile ebangeni lokudlulisela, izici zokulahlekelwa, kanye nezimo zokusetshenziswa.
Kungani kudingeka amaza amaningi?
Imbangela eyinhloko yokwehlukahlukana kwamaza okukhanya kumamojula okukhanya isezinseleleni ezimbili ezinkulu ekudlulisweni kwe-fiber optic: ukulahleka nokusabalala. Lapho izimpawu zokukhanya zidluliselwa kumaza okukhanya, ukuncishiswa kwamandla (ukulahlekelwa) kwenzeka ngenxa yokumuncwa, ukuhlakazeka, kanye nokuvuza kwe-medium. Ngesikhathi esifanayo, ijubane lokusabalala elingalingani lezingxenye ezahlukene zamaza okukhanya libangela ukwanda kwe-pulse yesiginali (ukuhlakazeka). Lokhu kubangele izixazululo zamaza okukhanya amaningi:
Ibhendi engu-850nm: Isebenza kakhulu kuma-fiber optical e-multimode, kanti amabanga okudlulisela ngokuvamile asukela kumamitha ambalwa (njengamamitha angu-550), futhi ingamandla amakhulu okudlulisela ibanga elifushane (njengangaphakathi kwezikhungo zedatha).
Ibhendi engu-1310nm: ikhombisa izici zokusabalala eziphansi kumafayibha ajwayelekile emodi eyodwa, ngamabanga okudlulisela afinyelela kumashumi amakhilomitha (njengamakhilomitha angama-60), okwenza kube umgogodla wokudlulisela ibanga eliphakathi.
Ibhendi engu-1550nm: Ngesilinganiso sokunciphisa esiphansi kakhulu (cishe u-0.19dB/km), ibanga lokudlulisa elingokwenkolelo lingadlula amakhilomitha angu-150, okwenza kube yinkosi yokudlulisa ibanga elide ngisho nebanga elide kakhulu.
Ukwanda kobuchwepheshe be-wavelength division multiplexing (WDM) kukhulise kakhulu amandla emicu ye-optical. Isibonelo, amamojula e-optical e-single fiber bidirectional (BIDI) afinyelela ukuxhumana okuya ohlangothini olulodwa ku-fiber eyodwa ngokusebenzisa ama-wavelength ahlukene (njengenhlanganisela engu-1310nm/1550nm) ekugcineni kokudlulisa nokwamukela, okusindisa kakhulu izinsiza ze-fiber. Ubuchwepheshe obuthuthukisiwe kakhulu be-Dense Wavelength Division Multiplexing (DWDM) bungafinyelela isikhala esincane kakhulu se-wavelength (njenge-100GHz) kuma-band athile (njenge-O-band 1260-1360nm), kanti i-fiber eyodwa ingasekela iziteshi eziningi noma ngisho namakhulu we-wavelength, okwandisa amandla okudlulisa aphelele ezingeni le-Tbps futhi kukhulule ngokugcwele amandla e-fiber optics.
Ungayikhetha kanjani ngokwesayensi ubude be-wavelength yamamojula optical?
Ukukhethwa kwe-wavelength kudinga ukucatshangelwa okubanzi kwalezi zinto ezilandelayo ezibalulekile:
Ibanga lokudlulisela:
- Ibanga elifushane (≤ 2km): okungcono kube yi-850nm (i-fiber yemodi eminingi).
- Ibanga eliphakathi (10-40km): lifanele i-1310nm (ifayibha yemodi eyodwa).
- Ibanga elide (≥ 60km): 1550nm (ifayibha yemodi eyodwa) kumele ikhethwe, noma isetshenziswe kanye ne-amplifier yokukhanya.
Isidingo somthamo:
- Ibhizinisi elivamile: Amamojula we-wavelength aqinile anele.
- Umthamo omkhulu, ukudluliselwa kobuningi obukhulu: Kudingeka ubuchwepheshe be-DWDM/CWDM. Isibonelo, uhlelo lwe-DWDM lwe-100G olusebenza ku-O-band lungasekela iziteshi eziningi zobude be-wavelength obuphezulu.
Izindleko okufanele uzicabangele:
- Imodyuli ye-wavelength engaguquki: Intengo yeyunithi yokuqala iphansi kakhulu, kodwa amamodeli amaningi we-wavelength wezingxenye ezisele kudingeka agcinwe.
- Imojula ye-wavelength elungisekayo: Ukutshalwa kwezimali kokuqala kuphezulu kakhulu, kodwa ngokulungiswa kwesofthiwe, kungamboza ama-wavelength amaningi, kube lula ukuphathwa kwezingxenye ezisele, futhi ngokuhamba kwesikhathi, kunciphise ubunzima bokusebenza nokugcinwa kanye nezindleko.
Isimo Sokusetshenziswa:
- Ukuxhumana Kwesikhungo Sedatha (i-DCI): Izixazululo ze-DWDM ezinamandla aphansi kanye nobuningi obukhulu ziyinto evamile.
- I-fronthaul ye-5G: Njengoba inezidingo eziphezulu zezindleko, ukubambezeleka, kanye nokuthembeka, amamojula e-bidi (BIDI) aklanywe ngebanga lezimboni ayinketho evamile.
- Inethiwekhi yepaki yebhizinisi: Kuye ngebanga nezidingo ze-bandwidth, amandla aphansi, ibanga eliphakathi kuya kwelifushane le-CWDM noma amamojula we-wavelength aqinile angakhethwa.
Isiphetho: Ukuziphendukela Kwezobuchwepheshe kanye Nokucatshangelwa Kwesikhathi Esizayo
Ubuchwepheshe be-optical module buyaqhubeka nokushintsha ngokushesha. Amadivayisi amasha afana nokushintsha kwe-wavelength selective switches (WSS) kanye ne-liquid crystal on silicon (LCoS) aqhuba ukuthuthukiswa kwezakhiwo zenethiwekhi ye-optical eziguquguqukayo kakhudlwana. Ukuqamba okusha okugxile kuma-band athile, njenge-O-band, kuthuthukisa ukusebenza njalo, njengokunciphisa kakhulu ukusetshenziswa kwamandla e-module ngenkathi kugcinwa i-margin eyanele ye-optical signal-to-noise ratio (OSNR).
Ekwakhiweni kwenethiwekhi esikhathini esizayo, onjiniyela abadingi nje kuphela ukubala ibanga lokudlulisa ngokunembile lapho bekhetha ubude bamaza, kodwa futhi bahlole ngokuphelele ukusetshenziswa kwamandla, ukuzivumelanisa nezimo zokushisa, ubuningi bokuthunyelwa, kanye nezindleko zokusebenza nokugcinwa komjikelezo wokuphila ogcwele. Amamojula okukhanya anokwethenjelwa okuphezulu angasebenza kahle amashumi amakhilomitha ezindaweni ezibucayi (njenge--40 ℃ ebanda kakhulu) aba ukwesekwa okubalulekile ezindaweni eziyinkimbinkimbi zokuthunyelwa (njengeziteshi ezikude).
Isikhathi sokuthunyelwe: Okthoba-17-2025