Ekwakhiweni kwenethiwekhi ye-fiber-to-the-home (FTTH), izihlukanisi ezibonakalayo, njengezingxenye eziyinhloko zamanethiwekhi optical passive (PONs), zinika amandla ukwabelana kwabasebenzisi abaningi kwefayibha eyodwa ngokusabalalisa amandla okukhanya, okunomthelela ngqo ekusebenzeni kwenethiwekhi nolwazi lomsebenzisi. Lesi sihloko sihlaziya ngokuhlelekile ubuchwepheshe obubalulekile ekuhleleni kwe-FTTH kusuka emibonweni emine: ukukhetha kobuchwepheshe be-optical splitter, idizayini ye-architecture yenethiwekhi, ukulungiselelwa kwesilinganiso sokuhlukanisa, namathrendi azayo.
Ukukhethwa kwe-Optical Splitter: I-PLC ne-FBT Technology Comparison
1. I-Planar Lightwave Circuit (PLC) Splitter:
•Ukusekelwa kwebhendi egcwele (1260–1650 nm), ifanele amasistimu wamaza amaningi;
•Isekela ukuhlukaniswa kwe-oda eliphezulu (isb, 1×64), ukulahlekelwa kokufaka ≤17 dB;
•Ukuqina kwezinga lokushisa eliphezulu (-40°C kuya ku-85°C ukushintshashintsha okungu-<0.5 dB);
•Ukupakishwa okuncane, nakuba izindleko zokuqala ziphezulu uma kuqhathaniswa.
2. I-Fused Biconical Taper (FBT) Splitter:
•Isekela ubude begagasi obuthile kuphela (isb, 1310/1490 nm);
•Kukhawulelwe ekuhlukaniseni okune-oda eliphansi (ngezansi kwe-1×8);
•Ukushintshashintsha kokulahlekelwa okukhulu ezindaweni ezinezinga lokushisa eliphezulu;
•Izindleko eziphansi, ezifanele izimo ezincishwe isabelomali.
Isu Lokukhetha:
Ezindaweni zasemadolobheni ezinabantu abaningi kakhulu (izakhiwo zokuhlala eziphakeme kakhulu, izifunda zezentengiselwano), izihlukanisi ze-PLC kufanele zibekwe phambili ukuze zihlangabezane nezidingo zokuhlukaniswa kwe-oda eliphezulu kuyilapho kugcinwa ukuhambisana nokuthuthukiswa kwe-XGS-PON/50G PON.
Ezimeni zasemakhaya noma eziminyana kancane, izihlukanisi ze-FBT zingakhethwa ukuze kuncishiswe izindleko zokuqala zokuthumela. Izibikezelo zemakethe zibonisa ukuthi isabelo semakethe ye-PLC sizokweqa ama-80% (LightCounting 2024), ikakhulukazi ngenxa yezinzuzo zayo zokukhula kwezobuchwepheshe.
Idizayini ye-Architecture Yenethiwekhi: Imaphakathi Ngokuqhathaniswa Nokuhlukaniswa Okusabalalisiwe
1. I-Centralized Tier-1 Splitter
•I-Topology: OLT → 1×32/1×64 isihlukanisi (sifakwe egumbini lezinto zokusebenza/FDH) → ONT.
•Izimo ezisebenzayo: I-Urban CBDs, izindawo zokuhlala ezinabantu abaningi.
•Izinzuzo:
- Ukuthuthukiswa okungama-30% ekusebenzeni kahle kwendawo enephutha;
- Ukulahlekelwa kwesiteji esisodwa kwe-17–21 dB, okusekela ukuhamba kwama-20 km;
- Ukunwetshwa komthamo okusheshayo ngokushintshwa kwesihlukanisi (isb, 1×32 → 1×64).
2. I-Multi-Level Splitter esabalalisiwe
•I-Topology: OLT → 1×4 (Izinga 1) → 1×8 (Izinga 2) → ONT, isebenzela amakhaya angu-32.
•Izimo ezifanele: Izindawo zasemaphandleni, izifunda ezinezintaba, izindawo zokuhlala.
•Izinzuzo:
- Yehlisa izindleko ze-backbone fiber ngo-40%;
- Isekela ukuphindaphindeka kwenethiwekhi yendandatho (ukushintsha ngokuzenzakalelayo iphutha legatsha);
- Ivumelana nezimo eziyinkimbinkimbi.
Ukuthuthukiswa Kwesilinganiso Sokuhlukanisa: Ukulinganisa Ibanga Lokudlulisela kanye Nezimfuneko Zomkhawulokudonsa
1. I-Concurrency yomsebenzisi kanye Nokuqinisekiswa Komkhawulokudonsa
Ngaphansi kwe-XGS-PON (i-10G ezansi nomfula) ngokucushwa kwe-splitter ye-1 × 64, umkhawulokudonsa ophezulu ngomsebenzisi ngamunye cishe u-156Mbps (isilinganiso se-concurrency esingu-50%);
Izindawo eziminyene kakhulu zidinga i-Dynamic Bandwidth Allocation (DBA) noma ibhendi enwetshiwe ye-C++ ukuze kuthuthukiswe umthamo.
2. Ukunikezwa Kwentuthuko Yesikhathi esizayo
Gcina u-≥3dB optical power margin ukuze uhlanganise ukuguga kwe-fiber;
Khetha izihlukanisi ze-PLC ezinezilinganiso zokuhlukanisa ezilungisekayo (isb, okulungisekayo 1×32 ↔ 1×64) ukuze ugweme ukwakhiwa okungafuneki.
Amathrendi Azayo kanye Nokuqanjwa Kwezobuchwepheshe
Ubuchwepheshe be-PLC buholela ekuhlukaniseni okuphezulu:Ukwanda kwe-10G PON kuqhubekisele phambili izihlukanisi ze-PLC ekwamukelweni okujwayelekile, okusekela ukuthuthukiswa okungenamthungo ku-50G PON.
Ukwamukelwa kwe-Hybrid Architecture:Ukuhlanganisa ukuhlukaniswa kwezinga elilodwa ezindaweni zasemadolobheni nokuhlukaniswa kwamaleveli amaningi ezindaweni ezingaphansi kwedolobha kulinganisa ukusebenza kahle kwekhava kanye nezindleko.
Ubuchwepheshe obuhlakaniphile be-ODN:I-eODN inika amandla ukucushwa kabusha okukude kwezilinganiso zokuhlukanisa nokubikezela amaphutha, ithuthukisa ubuhlakani bokusebenza.
Impumelelo yokuhlanganiswa kwe-silicon photonics:Ama-chips e-Monolithic 32-channel PLC anciphisa izindleko ngo-50%, okwenza 1×128 izilinganiso ezihlukanisayo eziphezulu kakhulu ukuze kuthuthukiswe ukuthuthukiswa kwedolobha elihlakaniphile.
Ngokukhetha ubuchwepheshe obuhambisanayo, ukuthunyelwa kwezakhiwo okuguquguqukayo, kanye nokwenza kahle kwesilinganiso sokuhlukanisa okuguquguqukayo, amanethiwekhi e-FTTH angakwazi ukusekela ngempumelelo ukukhishwa kwe-gigabit broadband kanye nezidingo zokuvela kobuchwepheshe zeminyaka eyishumi ezayo.
Isikhathi sokuthumela: Sep-04-2025