Ekwakhiweni kwenethiwekhi ye-fiber-to-the-home (FTTH), ama-optical splitter, njengezingxenye eziyinhloko zamanethiwekhi e-optical angasebenzi (ama-PON), avumela ukwabelana ngabasebenzisi abaningi kwe-fiber eyodwa ngokusatshalaliswa kwamandla e-optical, okuthinta ngqo ukusebenza kwenethiwekhi kanye nokuhlangenwe nakho komsebenzisi. Lesi sihloko sihlaziya ngokuhlelekile ubuchwepheshe obubalulekile ekuhleleni kwe-FTTH kusuka emibonweni emine: ukukhethwa kobuchwepheshe be-optical splitter, ukwakheka kwesakhiwo senethiwekhi, ukulungiswa kwesilinganiso sokuhlukanisa, kanye nezitayela zesikhathi esizayo.
Ukukhethwa Kokuhlukaniswa Okubonakalayo: Ukuqhathaniswa Kobuchwepheshe be-PLC ne-FBT
1. I-Planar Lightwave Circuit (PLC) Splitter:
•Usekelo oluphelele (1260–1650 nm), olufanele izinhlelo zamaza amaningi;
•Isekela ukuhlukaniswa kwe-oda eliphezulu (isb., 1×64), ukulahlekelwa kokufakwa ≤17 dB;
•Ukuqina kokushisa okuphezulu (-40°C kuya ku-85°C ukushintshashintsha <0.5 dB);
•Ukupakisha okuncane, yize izindleko zokuqala ziphezulu kakhulu.
2. I-Fused Biconical Taper (FBT) Splitter:
•Isekela ubude be-wavelength obuthile kuphela (isb., 1310/1490 nm);
•Kunqunyelwe ekuhlukaniseni okuphansi (ngaphansi kuka-1×8);
•Ukushintshashintsha okukhulu kokulahlekelwa ezindaweni ezishisa kakhulu;
•Izindleko eziphansi, ezifanele izimo ezincishisiwe ngesabelomali.
Isu Lokukhetha:
Ezindaweni zasemadolobheni ezinabantu abaningi (izakhiwo zokuhlala eziphakeme, izifunda zezentengiselwano), ama-splitter e-PLC kufanele abekwe phambili ukuze ahlangabezane nezidingo zokuhlukanisa ezisezingeni eliphezulu ngenkathi egcina ukuhambisana nokuthuthukiswa kwe-XGS-PON/50G PON.
Ezimweni zasemakhaya noma ezinabantu abaningi, ama-splitter e-FBT angase akhethwe ukuze kuncishiswe izindleko zokuqala zokuthunyelwa. Izibikezelo zemakethe zibonisa ukuthi isabelo semakethe se-PLC sizodlula u-80% (LightCounting 2024), ikakhulukazi ngenxa yezinzuzo zayo zokukhula kwezobuchwepheshe.
Umklamo Wokwakhiwa Kwenethiwekhi: Ukuhlukaniswa Okuphakathi Uma kuqhathaniswa Nokusatshalaliswa
1. Isihlukanisi Esiphakathi Se-Tier-1
•I-Topology: I-OLT → 1×32/1×64 splitter (efakwe egumbini lemishini/i-FDH) → ONT.
•Izimo ezisebenzayo: Izindawo ze-CBD zasemadolobheni, izindawo zokuhlala ezinabantu abaningi.
•Izinzuzo:
- Ukuthuthukiswa okungu-30% ekusebenzeni kahle kwendawo yamaphutha;
- Ukulahlekelwa yisigaba esisodwa okungu-17–21 dB, okusekela ukudluliselwa kwamakhilomitha angama-20;
- Ukwandiswa komthamo okusheshayo ngokushintshana kwe-splitter (isb., 1×32 → 1×64).
2. I-Splitter Esatshalaliswayo Yamazinga Amaningi
•I-Topology: I-OLT → 1×4 (Izinga 1) → 1×8 (Izinga 2) → I-ONT, ekhonza imindeni engama-32.
•Izimo ezifanele: Izindawo zasemakhaya, izifunda zezintaba, izindawo zokuhlala ezihlala abantu abakhubazekile.
•Izinzuzo:
- Kunciphisa izindleko ze-backbone fibre ngo-40%;
- Isekela ukuphindaphinda kwenethiwekhi yendandatho (ukushintsha iphutha legatsha okuzenzakalelayo);
- Iyakwazi ukuzivumelanisa nezimo zendawo eyinkimbinkimbi.
Ukuthuthukisa Isilinganiso Sokuhlukaniswa: Ukulinganisela Ibanga Lokudlulisa kanye Nezidingo Zobubanzi
1. Ukuqinisekiswa Komsebenzisi Nokuvumelana Komkhawulokudonsa
Ngaphansi kwe-XGS-PON (10G ngezansi) enokulungiswa kwe-splitter engu-1×64, i-bandwidth ephezulu ngomsebenzisi cishe ingu-156Mbps (isilinganiso se-50% semali ehambisanayo);
Izindawo ezinabantu abaningi zidinga i-Dynamic Bandwidth Allocation (DBA) noma i-expanded C++ band ukuze kuthuthukiswe umthamo.
2. Ukunikezwa Kokuthuthukiswa Kwesikhathi Esizayo
Gcina i-≥3dB yamandla okukhanya ukuze ivumelane nokuguga kwefayibha;
Khetha ama-splitter e-PLC anezilinganiso zokuhlukanisa ezilungisekayo (isb., okulungisekayo okungu-1×32 ↔ 1×64) ukuze ugweme ukwakhiwa okungadingekile.
Izitayela Zesikhathi Esizayo Nokusungula Ubuchwepheshe
Ubuchwepheshe be-PLC buhola ekuhlukaniseni okuhlelekile okuphezulu:Ukwanda kwe-10G PON kuye kwashukumisa ama-splitter e-PLC ukuthi asetshenziswe kabanzi, okusekela ukuthuthukiswa okungenamthungo ku-50G PON.
Ukwamukelwa kwezakhiwo ezihlanganisiwe:Ukuhlanganisa ukuhlukaniswa kwezinga elilodwa ezindaweni zasemadolobheni nokuhlukaniswa kwezinga eliningi ezindaweni zasemadolobheni kulinganisela ukusebenza kahle kokumbozwa kanye nezindleko.
Ubuchwepheshe be-ODN obuhlakaniphile:I-eODN ivumela ukucushwa kabusha okukude kwezilinganiso zokuhlukanisa kanye nokubikezela amaphutha, okuthuthukisa ubuhlakani bokusebenza.
Ukuthuthukiswa kokuhlanganiswa kwe-silicon photonics:Ama-chip e-Monolithic 32-channel PLC anciphisa izindleko ngo-50%, okwenza kube lula ukuhlukanisa okungu-1×128 okuphezulu kakhulu ukuthuthukisa intuthuko yedolobha elihlakaniphile elisebenzisa yonke i-optical.
Ngokusebenzisa ukukhethwa kobuchwepheshe obufanele, ukuthunyelwa kwezakhiwo okuguquguqukayo, kanye nokwenza ngcono isilinganiso sokuhlukaniswa okuguquguqukayo, amanethiwekhi e-FTTH angasekela ngempumelelo ukuqaliswa kwe-gigabit broadband kanye nezidingo zokuvela kobuchwepheshe zeminyaka eyishumi ezayo.
Isikhathi sokuthunyelwe: Septhemba-04-2025