Kulesi sikhathi sokuthuthukiswa okusheshayo kwe-inthanethi, ubuchwepheshe bokufinyelela i-fiber optic bungene kuzo zonke izici zokuphila kwethu. Ukuxhumana kwenethiwekhi okuzinzile nokusheshayo kubalulekile kungakhathaliseki ukuthi uyakujabulela ukubuka izinhlelo ze-TV, ukudlala imidlalo ekhaya, noma ukuqhuba kahle amabhizinisi ahlukahlukene ebhizinisini. Phakathi kobuchwepheshe obuningi bokufinyelela i-fiber optic, i-EPON ne-GPON ngokungangabazeki yizona ezingcono kakhulu. Namuhla, ake sihlole umehluko phakathi kwalezi zobuchwepheshe ezimbili ndawonye.
Umsuka Wobuchwepheshe kanye Nephrothokholi Ejwayelekile
I-EPON, inethiwekhi ye-Ethernet passive optical ithuthukiswe ngokusekelwe kubuchwepheshe be-Ethernet. Ilandela i-IEEE 802.3ah ejwayelekile. Le nqubo isungula ukuxhumana okungokwemvelo nokuseduze phakathi kwe-EPON ne-Ethernet, njengoba yamukela ngqo ifomethi yohlaka lwe-Ethernet, njengokubeka i-Ethernet "embotsheni" yokufinyelela kwe-fiber optic. Kulabo asebevele bejwayelene nobuchwepheshe be-Ethernet, ukulungiswa kwemishini ye-EPON, ukuphathwa kwenethiwekhi, neminye imisebenzi kufana nokusebenza ensimini ejwayelekile, okulula ukuyifunda nokulula ukuyiqonda. Isibonelo, kunethiwekhi yekhampasi esevele ibeke imigqa ye-Ethernet kabanzi, uma kudingeka ukuthuthukiswa ekufinyeleleni kwe-fiber optic, ubuchwepheshe be-EPON bungafinyelela kalula ukuhlanganiswa okungenamthungo namadivayisi e-Ethernet akhona.
I-GPON, Indinganiso yama-Gigabit Passive Optical Networks uchungechunge lwe-ITU-T G.984. Isebenzisa iphrothokholi ye-encapsulation eyinkimbinkimbi futhi eyinkimbinkimbi – i-GEM (i-GPON Encapsulation Method). I-GEM ifana “nebhokisi lokugcina” elihlakaniphile elingahlela futhi lipakishe izinhlobo ezahlukene zokugeleza kwebhizinisi ngempumelelo. Lokhu kwenza i-GPON isebenze kahle kakhulu ekuphatheni ibhizinisi, kungaba yizingcingo zezwi, ukudluliswa kwedatha okukhulu, noma ukudlala ividiyo okunencazelo ephezulu, i-GPON ingaphendula kalula futhi iziphathe kalula. Kunethiwekhi yokufinyelela isevisi ehlanganisiwe enikeza abasebenzisi ukufinyelela kwe-inthanethi, i-IPTV kanye nezinsizakalo ze-VoIP ngesikhathi esisodwa, i-GPON ingaphatha futhi idlulise lezi zinhlobo ezahlukene zokugeleza kwesevisi ngendlela ehlelekile ngenxa yamakhono ayo anamandla okuguqula isevisi, ukuqinisekisa ukuthi isevisi ngayinye ingasebenza ngokuzinzile nangokuphumelelayo.
Isivinini kanye nokusebenza kahle komkhawulokudonsa
Amazinga okuxhumanisa kanye nokwehla kwe-EPON avame ukuba alinganayo, ngesilinganiso esijwayelekile esingu-1.25Gbps. Kodwa-ke, enkambisweni yokudlulisa inethiwekhi yangempela, ngenxa yokusetshenziswa kwezinhlaka ze-Ethernet, njengolwazi oluhlukahlukene lokulawula oluthwalwa ekuqaleni nasekupheleni kohlaka, yize lolu lwazi lubalulekile ekudlulisweni nasekucutshungulweni kwedatha okulungile, luphinde luthathe izinsiza ezithile ze-bandwidth, okuholela ekutheni i-bandwidth yangempela esetshenziswayo ekudluliseni idatha yomsebenzisi ibe ngaphansi kancane kune-1.25Gbps ejwayelekile.
I-GPON ivelele kakhulu ngokwejubane, inejubane lokuxhumanisa elifika ku-2.488Gbps kanye nejubane lokuxhumanisa elifika ku-1.244Gbps noma i-2.488Gbps. I-GPON isebenzisa ubude bohlaka obungu-125 μs futhi ifakwe i-algorithm yokwabiwa kwe-bandwidth ephumelelayo. Kufana nomgwaqo omkhulu, i-GPON ayigcini nje ngokwandisa imizila, kodwa futhi ithuthukisa imithetho yokuthunyelwa kwethrafikhi, ivumela izimoto (idatha) ukuthi zihambe kahle futhi ngempumelelo. Ngale ndlela, i-GPON ingcono kakhulu kune-EPON ekusebenzeni kahle kwe-bandwidth futhi ingadlulisela idatha eningi ngesikhathi esifanayo.
Isilinganiso se-Spectral
Isilinganiso sokuqhekeka siyinkomba ebalulekile yokulinganisa amandla okumbozwa kobuchwepheshe bokufinyelela i-fiber optic kanye nenani labasebenzisi abathwalwayo. Sibhekisela engxenyeni yamayunithi enethiwekhi ye-optical (ama-ONU) lapho i-terminal yomugqa we-optical (i-OLT) ingaxhuma khona.
Isilinganiso sokuhlukaniswa kwe-EPON ngokuvamile singu-1:32, futhi ngokulungiswa okukhethekile, singafinyelela ku-1:64. Lokhu kusho ukuthi kunethiwekhi ye-EPON, idivayisi eyodwa ye-OLT ingaxhuma kufika ku-32, futhi ezimweni ezimbi kakhulu, ama-terminal abasebenzisi be-ONU angu-64. Isibonelo, ekwakhiweni kokufinyelela kwe-fiber optic endaweni yokuhlala, uma kusetshenziswa ubuchwepheshe be-EPON futhi isilinganiso sokuhlukaniswa singu-1:32, idivayisi eyodwa ye-OLT ingahlinzeka kuphela ngezinsizakalo zokufinyelela kunethiwekhi emindenini engaphezu kuka-32.
I-GPON inenzuzo enkulu ngokwesilinganiso sokuqhekeka, ngesilinganiso sokuqhekeka esifinyelela ku-1:64, futhi ngisho nakwezinye izindawo zenethiwekhi eziklanywe ngokucophelela futhi ezenziwe kahle, ingafinyelela isilinganiso sokuqhekeka esingu-1:128. Isilinganiso sokuqhekeka esikhulu senza i-GPON isebenze kangcono ngokwebanga lokumbozwa kanye nenani labasebenzisi abaxhunyiwe. Uma sithatha izindawo zasemakhaya njengesibonelo, ngenxa yendawo yazo enkulu kanye nokusatshalaliswa kwabasebenzisi abasakazeke kakhulu, uma kusetshenziswa ubuchwepheshe be-GPON, kusetshenziswa izici zayo zesilinganiso esiphezulu se-optical, idivayisi eyodwa ye-OLT ingahlinzeka ngezinsizakalo kubasebenzisi abaningi, inciphise kakhulu izindleko zokutshalwa kwezimali kwemishini futhi inciphise nobunzima bokwakhiwa nokugcinwa kwenethiwekhi.
Izindleko zemishini kanye nokuhambisana kwayo
Amadivayisi e-EPON anezinzuzo ezithile zezindleko ngenxa yokuthembela kwawo kubuchwepheshe be-Ethernet obuvuthiwe. Izindleko zawo zemishini ziphansi kakhulu, okukhanga kakhulu kumaphrojekthi okwakha inethiwekhi anesabelomali esilinganiselwe kanye nokuzwela izindleko. Isibonelo, ekwakhiweni kwenethiwekhi kwamanye amabhizinisi amancane noma kumaphrojekthi okuvuselela inethiwekhi yezindawo zokuhlala ezindala, ngenxa yemali elinganiselwe, inzuzo ephansi yemishini ye-EPON ingabonakala ngokugcwele. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ngenxa yokuhambisana okuhle kakhulu phakathi kwe-EPON ne-Ethernet, amadivayisi e-EPON angahlanganiswa kalula nemishini yenethiwekhi ekhona endaweni lapho i-Ethernet isetshenziswa kabanzi khona, ngaphandle kwesidingo sokushintsha imishini emikhulu, okunciphisa kakhulu izindleko zokuthuthukiswa kwenethiwekhi.
Amadivayisi e-GPON, ngenxa yobuchwepheshe bawo obuyinkimbinkimbi, anezindleko eziphezulu zocwaningo kanye nokukhiqiza izingxenye eziyinhloko ezifana nama-chip, okuholela ezindleleni zemishini ephezulu kakhulu. Kodwa-ke, amadivayisi e-GPON, ngokusebenza kwawo okunamandla kanye namakhono okusekela ibhizinisi acebile, abonise inani eliyingqayizivele kwezinye izimo ezidinga ukusebenza kwenethiwekhi okuphezulu kakhulu kanye nokwehlukahlukana kwebhizinisi. Isibonelo, ezindaweni ezinkulu zezentengiselwano, kuyadingeka ukuhlangabezana nezidingo zokufinyelela inethiwekhi esheshayo zabathengisi abaningi ngasikhathi sinye, ukuhlinzeka ngezinsizakalo zenethiwekhi ezingenantambo ezizinzile kumakhasimende, nokufeza imisebenzi ehlukahlukene yebhizinisi njengokuphathwa kwezakhiwo okuhlakaniphile. Amadivayisi e-GPON anganikeza ukwesekwa okuthembekile kwalezi zidingo zebhizinisi eziyinkimbinkimbi ngokusebenza kwawo okuhle kakhulu kanye nokuguquguquka.
Isikhathi sokuthunyelwe: Ephreli-17-2025