Ikhebula le-Fiber Optic (FOC) liyingxenye ebalulekile yenethiwekhi yesimanje yokuxhumana, futhi lithatha indawo ebalulekile emkhakheni wokudluliswa kwedatha ngezici zalo zesivinini esiphezulu, i-bandwidth ephezulu kanye nekhono eliqinile lokulwa nokuphazamiseka. Lesi sihloko sizokwethula isakhiwo sekhebula le-fibre optic ngokuningiliziwe ukuze abafundi bakwazi ukuliqonda ngokujulile.
1. Ukwakheka okuyisisekelo kwekhebula le-fibre-optic
Ikhebula le-fibre optic lakhiwe kakhulu ngezingxenye ezintathu: i-fiber optic core, i-cladding kanye ne-sheath.
I-Fiber optic core: Lona umgogodla wekhebula le-fibre optic futhi unesibopho sokudlulisa izimpawu ezibonakalayo. Ama-fibre optic cores ngokuvamile enziwe ngengilazi noma ipulasitiki emsulwa kakhulu, enobubanzi obungama-micron ambalwa kuphela. Ukwakheka komgogodla kuqinisekisa ukuthi isignali ebonakalayo ihamba ngayo kahle futhi ngokulahlekelwa okuncane kakhulu.
Ukubopha: Kuboshwe nxazonke kwe-fiber kukhona i-cladding, ene-refractive index ephansi kancane kuneyomongo, futhi eyenzelwe ukuvumela isignali yokukhanya ukuthi idluliselwe emongo ngendlela ekhanyayo ngokuphelele, ngaleyo ndlela kuncishiswe ukulahleka kwesignali. I-cladding yenziwe ngengilazi noma ngepulasitiki futhi ivikela umzimba omongo.
Ijakethi: Ijazi elingaphandle lenziwe ngezinto eziqinile njenge-polyethylene (PE) noma i-polyvinyl chloride (PVC), umsebenzi wayo oyinhloko ukuvikela i-fiber optic core kanye ne-cladding ekulimaleni kwemvelo njengokuhuzuka, umswakama kanye nokugqwala kwamakhemikhali.
2. Izinhlobo zezintambo ze-fibre-optic
Ngokwelungiselelo kanye nokuvikelwa kwemicu ye-optical, izintambo ze-fibre optic zingahlukaniswa ngezinhlobo ezilandelayo:
Intambo ye-fiber optic eboshwe nge-laminated: lesi sakhiwo sifana nezintambo zendabuko, lapho imicu eminingi ye-optical iboshwe khona eduze kwe-central reinforcement core, okwenza kubonakale sengathi izintambo zakudala zibukeka njengezintambo zakudala. Izintambo ze-fiber optic eziboshwe nge-laminated zinamandla aphezulu okudonseka kanye nezakhiwo ezinhle zokugoba, futhi zinobubanzi obuncane, okwenza kube lula ukuzihambisa nokuzinakekela.
Ikhebula lesikelethoni: le ntambo isebenzisa uhlaka lwepulasitiki njengesakhiwo sokusekela uhlaka lwe-optical, uhlaka lwe-optical lunamathele emiseleni yohlaka, olunezakhiwo ezinhle zokuvikela kanye nokuqina kwesakhiwo.
Ikhebula leshubhu eliphakathi nendawo: i-optical fibre ibekwe phakathi kwepayipi lekhebula le-optical, lizungezwe umgogodla oqinisayo kanye nesivikelo sejakethi, lesi sakhiwo sivumela ukuvikelwa kwe-optical fibres emathonyeni angaphandle.
Ikhebula leribhoni: imicu ye-optical ihlelwe ngendlela yamaribhoni anesikhala phakathi kweribhoni ngayinye yefayibha, lo mklamo usiza ekuthuthukiseni amandla okunamathela kanye nokumelana nokucindezelwa kwekhebula.
3. Izingxenye ezengeziwe zezintambo ze-fibre-optic
Ngaphezu kwemicu eyisisekelo ye-optical, i-cladding kanye ne-sheath, izintambo ze-fibre optic zingase zibe nezinye izingxenye ezilandelayo:
Umgogodla wokuqinisa: Itholakala maphakathi nekhebula le-fibre optic, inikeza amandla engeziwe okusebenza ukuze imelane namandla okucindezela nokucindezeleka.
Isendlalelo se-buffer: Itholakala phakathi kwefayibha kanye negobolondo, ivikela kakhulu ifayibha ekushayweni nasekukhubekeni.
Isendlalelo sezikhali: Ezinye izintambo ze-fibre optic nazo zinesendlalelo esengeziwe sokuvikela, njengokuvikela nge-steel tape, ukuze zinikeze isivikelo esengeziwe ezindaweni ezinzima noma lapho kudingeka khona isivikelo esengeziwe semishini.
4. Izinqubo zokukhiqiza izintambo ze-fibre-optic
Ukukhiqizwa kweizintambo ze-fiber optickuhilela inqubo enembile kakhulu, okuhlanganisa izinyathelo ezifana nokudweba i-fibre optics, ukumbozwa kwe-cladding, ukugoqa, ukwakheka kwekhebula kanye nokukhishwa kwe-sheath. Isinyathelo ngasinye sidinga ukulawulwa ngokuqinile ukuqinisekisa ukusebenza kanye nekhwalithi yekhebula le-fibre optic.
Ngamafuphi, ukwakheka kwesakhiwo sezintambo ze-optical fibre kubheka kokubili ukudluliswa okuphumelelayo kwezibonakaliso ze-optical kanye nokuvikelwa ngokomzimba kanye nokuzivumelanisa nezimo kwemvelo. Ngokuqhubeka kwezobuchwepheshe, isakhiwo nezinto zokwakha izintambo ze-fibre optic ziyathuthukiswa ukuze kuhlangatshezwane nesidingo esikhulayo sokuxhumana.
Isikhathi sokuthunyelwe: Meyi-22-2025