Ngokusekelwe eminyakeni yocwaningo kanye nesipiliyoni sokuthuthukiswa kwemishini ye-inthanethi, sixoxe ngobuchwepheshe kanye nezixazululo zokuqinisekiswa kwekhwalithi yenethiwekhi yangaphakathi ye-broadband yasekhaya. Okokuqala, ihlaziya isimo samanje sekhwalithi yenethiwekhi yangaphakathi ye-broadband yasekhaya, futhi ifingqa izici ezahlukahlukene njenge-fiber optics, amasango, ama-router, i-Wi-Fi, kanye nokusebenza kwabasebenzisi okubangela izinkinga zekhwalithi yenethiwekhi yangaphakathi ye-broadband yasekhaya. Okwesibili, ubuchwepheshe obusha bokumbozwa kwenethiwekhi yangaphakathi obuphawulwe yi-Wi-Fi 6 kanye ne-FTTR (i-Fiber To The Room) buzokwethulwa.
1. Ukuhlaziywa kwezinkinga zekhwalithi yenethiwekhi yangaphakathi ye-broadband yasekhaya
Enqubweni yeI-FTTH(i-fiber-to-home), ngenxa yethonya lebanga lokudlulisa i-optical, ukwahlukana kwe-optical kanye nokulahlekelwa yidivayisi yokuxhuma, kanye nokugoba kwe-optical fiber, amandla okukhanya atholwa yi-gateway angase abe phansi futhi izinga lephutha le-bit lingase libe phezulu, okuholela ekwandeni kwezinga lokulahlekelwa yiphakethe lokudlulisa isevisi yengqimba ephezulu. , izinga liyehla.
Kodwa-ke, ukusebenza kwehadiwe kwama-gateway amadala ngokuvamile kuphansi, futhi izinkinga ezifana ne-CPU ephezulu kanye nokusetshenziswa kwememori kanye nokushisa ngokweqile kwemishini zivame ukwenzeka, okuholela ekuqaliseni kabusha okungavamile kanye nokuphahlazeka kwama-gateway. Ama-gateway amadala ngokuvamile awasekeli isivinini senethiwekhi ye-gigabit, kanti amanye ama-gateway amadala nawo anezinkinga ezifana nama-chip aphelelwe yisikhathi, okuholela esikhaleni esikhulu phakathi kwenani lesivinini langempela lokuxhumeka kwenethiwekhi kanye nenani lethiyori, elinciphisa kakhulu amathuba okuthuthukisa ulwazi lomsebenzisi ku-inthanethi. Njengamanje, ama-gateway amadala ahlakaniphile asekhaya asetshenziswe iminyaka emi-3 noma ngaphezulu kunethiwekhi ebukhoma asaphethe isilinganiso esithile futhi adinga ukushintshwa.
Ibhendi yemvamisa engu-2.4GHz yibhendi yemvamisa ye-ISM (Industrial-Scientific-Medical). Isetshenziswa njengebhendi yemvamisa evamile yeziteshi zomsakazo ezifana nenethiwekhi yendawo engenantambo, uhlelo lokufinyelela olungenantambo, uhlelo lwe-Bluetooth, uhlelo lokuxhumana lwe-point-to-point noma i-point-to-multipoint spread spectrum, olunezinsiza ezimbalwa zemvamisa kanye ne-bandwidth elinganiselwe. Njengamanje, kusenengxenye ethile yamasango asekela ibhendi yemvamisa ye-Wi-Fi engu-2.4GHz kunethiwekhi ekhona, futhi inkinga yokuphazamiseka kwemvamisa/imvamisa eseduze ivelele kakhulu.
Ngenxa yeziphazamiso zesofthiwe kanye nokusebenza okunganele kwehadiwe kwamanye amasango, ukuxhumeka kwe-PPPoE kuvame ukulahlwa futhi amasango avame ukuqaliswa kabusha, okuholela ekuphazamisekeni okuvamile kokufinyelela i-inthanethi kubasebenzisi. Ngemva kokuxhumeka kwe-PPPoE kuphazamiseke ngokunganaki (isibonelo, isixhumanisi sokudlulisa i-uplink siphazamisekile), umenzi ngamunye wesango unezindinganiso zokusebenzisa ezingahambisani zokutholwa kwembobo ye-WAN kanye nokwenza kabusha ukudayela kwe-PPPoE. Amasango abanye abakhiqizi athola kanye njalo ngemizuzwana engama-20, futhi aphinde adayele kabusha kuphela ngemva kokutholwa okungaphumelelanga okungu-30. Ngenxa yalokho, kuthatha imizuzu eyi-10 ukuthi isango liqalise ngokuzenzakalelayo ukuphinda kusetshenziswe i-PPPoE ngemva kokuphuma ku-inthanethi ngokunganaki, okuthinta kakhulu ulwazi lomsebenzisi.
Amasango asekhaya abasebenzisi abaningi ahlelwa ngama-router (okuzobizwa ngokuthi “ama-router” lapha). Phakathi kwala ma-router, ambalwa asekela ama-port e-WAN angu-100M kuphela, noma (futhi) asekela i-Wi-Fi 4 (802.11b/g/n) kuphela.
Ama-router amanye abakhiqizi asenayo kuphela i-WAN port noma i-Wi-Fi protocol eyodwa esekela isivinini senethiwekhi ye-Gigabit, futhi aba ama-router “angama-pseudo-Gigabit”. Ngaphezu kwalokho, i-router ixhunywe esangweni ngekhebula lenethiwekhi, futhi ikhebula lenethiwekhi elisetshenziswa abasebenzisi ngokuyisisekelo liyikhebula lesigaba sesi-5 noma lesigaba sesi-5, elinokuphila okufushane kanye nekhono elibuthakathaka lokulwa nokuphazamiseka, futhi iningi lalo lisekela kuphela isivinini se-100M. Awekho ama-router nezintambo zenethiwekhi ezishiwo ngenhla ezingahlangabezana nezidingo zokuvela kwamanethiwekhi alandelayo e-gigabit ne-super-gigabit. Amanye ama-router aqala kabusha njalo ngenxa yezinkinga zekhwalithi yomkhiqizo, okuthinta kakhulu ulwazi lomsebenzisi.
I-Wi-Fi iyindlela eyinhloko yokumboza okungenantambo ngaphakathi, kodwa amasango amaningi asekhaya afakwa emabhokisini kagesi abuthakathaka emnyango womsebenzisi. Inqunyelwe indawo yebhokisi lamandla kagesi abuthakathaka, izinto zesembozo, kanye nohlobo lwendlu oluyinkimbinkimbi, isignali ye-Wi-Fi ayanele ukumboza zonke izindawo zangaphakathi. Uma idivayisi ye-terminal ikude nendawo yokufinyelela ye-Wi-Fi, kulapho kuba nezithiyo eziningi, futhi lapho kulahleka amandla esignali, okungaholela ekulahlekelweni kokuxhumeka okungazinzile kanye nephakethe ledatha.
Uma kwenzeka ukuxhumana kwangaphakathi kwamadivayisi amaningi e-Wi-Fi, izinkinga zokuphazamiseka kwemvamisa efanayo kanye neziteshi eziseduze zivame ukwenzeka ngenxa yezilungiselelo zeziteshi ezingenangqondo, okunciphisa kakhulu izinga le-Wi-Fi.
Uma abanye abasebenzisi bexhuma i-router esangweni, ngenxa yokuntula ulwazi lochwepheshe, bangase baxhume i-router echwebeni lenethiwekhi elingeyona i-gigabit lesango, noma bangase bangaxhumani kahle ikhebula lenethiwekhi, okuholela emachwebeni enethiwekhi axegayo. Kulezi zimo, noma ngabe umsebenzisi ubhalisela isevisi ye-gigabit noma esebenzisa i-router ye-gigabit, akakwazi ukuthola izinsizakalo ze-gigabit ezizinzile, okuphinde kulethe izinselele kubasebenzisi ukubhekana namaphutha.
Abanye abasebenzisi banamadivayisi amaningi kakhulu axhunywe kwi-Wi-Fi emakhaya abo (angaphezu kuka-20) noma izinhlelo zokusebenza eziningi zilanda amafayela ngesivinini esikhulu ngesikhathi esisodwa, okuzophinde kubangele izingxabano ezinkulu zesiteshi se-Wi-Fi kanye nokuxhumeka kwe-Wi-Fi okungazinzile.
Abanye abasebenzisi basebenzisa amatheminali amadala asekela kuphela ibhendi yemvamisa ye-Wi-Fi engu-2.4GHz eyodwa noma amaphrothokholi amadala e-Wi-Fi, ngakho-ke abakwazi ukuthola ulwazi oluzinzile nolusheshayo lwe-inthanethi.
2. Ubuchwepheshe obusha bokuthuthukisa inethiwekhi yangaphakathiQubungcweti
Izinsizakalo ze-bandwidth ephezulu, i-low latency njengevidiyo ye-4K/8K ephezulu, i-AR/VR, imfundo eku-inthanethi, kanye nehhovisi lasekhaya kancane kancane ziba yizidingo eziqinile zabasebenzisi basekhaya. Lokhu kubeka phambili izidingo eziphakeme zekhwalithi yenethiwekhi ye-broadband yasekhaya, ikakhulukazi ikhwalithi yenethiwekhi yangaphakathi ye-broadband yasekhaya. Inethiwekhi yangaphakathi ye-broadband yasekhaya ekhona esekelwe kubuchwepheshe be-FTTH (Fiber To The House, fiber to the home) kube nzima ukuhlangabezana nezidingo ezingenhla. Kodwa-ke, ubuchwepheshe be-Wi-Fi 6 kanye ne-FTTR bungahlangabezana kangcono nezidingo zesevisi ezingenhla futhi kufanele busetshenziswe ngezinga elikhulu ngokushesha okukhulu.
I-Wi-Fi 6
Ngo-2019, i-Wi-Fi Alliance yaqamba ubuchwepheshe be-802.11ax i-Wi-Fi 6, yaqamba ubuchwepheshe be-802.11ax kanye ne-802.11n i-Wi-Fi 5 kanye ne-Wi-Fi 4 ngokulandelana.
I-Wi-Fi 6I-OFDMA (i-Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiple Access, i-Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiple Access), i-MU-MIMO (i-Multi-User Multiple-Input Multiple-Output, ubuchwepheshe be-multi-user multi-input multiple-output), i-1024QAM (i-Quadrature Amplitude Modulation, i-quadrature amplitude modulation) kanye nobunye ubuchwepheshe obusha, izinga lokulanda eliphakeme kakhulu lingafinyelela ku-9.6Gbit/s. Uma kuqhathaniswa nobuchwepheshe be-Wi-Fi 4 kanye ne-Wi-Fi 5 obusetshenziswa kakhulu embonini, inezinga lokudlulisa eliphezulu, ikhono elikhulu lokushintshana kwemali, ukubambezeleka kwesevisi okuphansi, ukumbozwa okubanzi kanye nokusetshenziswa kwamandla amancane kwe-terminal.
I-FTTRTubuchwepheshe
I-FTTR ibhekisela ekusetshenzisweni kwamasango asebenzisa konke okukhanya kanye namadivayisi angaphansi emakhaya ngokusekelwe ku-FTTH, kanye nokuqashelwa kokumbozwa kokuxhumana ngefayibha ye-optical emakamelweni abasebenzisi ngokusebenzisaI-PONubuchwepheshe.
Isango eliyinhloko le-FTTR liwumgogodla wenethiwekhi ye-FTTR. Lixhunywe phezulu ku-OLT ukuze linikeze i-fiber-to-the-home, kanye nephansi ukuze linikeze amachweba optical ukuze lixhume amasango amaningi e-FTTR slave. Isango le-FTTR slave lixhumana nemishini ye-terminal ngokusebenzisa i-Wi-Fi kanye ne-Ethernet interfaces, linikeza umsebenzi wokuxhumanisa ukuze lidlulisele idatha yemishini ye-terminal kusango eliyinhloko, futhi lamukela ukuphathwa nokulawulwa kwesango eliyinhloko le-FTTR. Inethiwekhi ye-FTTR iboniswe esithombeni.
Uma kuqhathaniswa nezindlela zendabuko ezifana nokuxhumana ngekhebula lenethiwekhi, ukuxhumana ngezintambo zikagesi, kanye nokuxhumana okungenantambo, amanethiwekhi e-FTTR anezinzuzo ezilandelayo.
Okokuqala, imishini yokuxhumana inokusebenza okungcono kanye ne-bandwidth ephezulu. Ukuxhumana kwe-optical fiber phakathi kwe-master gateway kanye ne-slave gateway kungandisa ngempela i-gigabit bandwidth kuwo wonke amagumbi omsebenzisi, futhi kuthuthukise ikhwalithi yenethiwekhi yasekhaya yomsebenzisi kuzo zonke izici. Inethiwekhi ye-FTTR inezinzuzo ezengeziwe ku-bandwidth yokudlulisa kanye nokuzinza.
Okwesibili ukumbozwa kwe-Wi-Fi okungcono kanye nekhwalithi ephezulu. I-Wi-Fi 6 iyilungiselelo elijwayelekile lamasango e-FTTR, futhi kokubili isango eliyinhloko kanye nesango lesigqila kungahlinzeka ngokuxhumeka kwe-Wi-Fi, okuthuthukisa ngempumelelo ukuzinza kwenethiwekhi ye-Wi-Fi kanye namandla okumbozwa kwesiginali.
Ikhwalithi ye-intranet yenethiwekhi yasekhaya ithintwa yizici ezifana nokwakheka kwenethiwekhi yasekhaya, imishini yomsebenzisi, kanye nama-terminal abasebenzisi. Ngakho-ke, ukuthola nokuthola ikhwalithi ephansi yenethiwekhi yasekhaya kuyinkinga enzima kunethiwekhi ebukhoma. Inkampani ngayinye yokuxhumana noma umhlinzeki wesevisi yenethiwekhi ibeka phambili ikhambi layo ngokulandelana. Isibonelo, izixazululo zobuchwepheshe zokuhlola ikhwalithi ye-intranet yenethiwekhi yasekhaya kanye nokuthola ikhwalithi ephansi; qhubeka nokuhlola ukusetshenziswa kwedatha enkulu kanye nobuchwepheshe bobuhlakani bokwenziwa emkhakheni wokuthuthukisa ikhwalithi yamanethiwekhi angaphakathi e-broadband yasekhaya; ukukhuthaza ukusetshenziswa kobuchwepheshe be-FTTR kanye ne-Wi-Fi 6 Isisekelo sekhwalithi yenethiwekhi ebanzi nokuningi.
Isikhathi sokuthunyelwe: Meyi-08-2023