Ezweni lokuxhumana kwe-fiber optic, ukukhethwa kobude begagasi bokukhanya kufana nokushuna ifrikhwensi yomsakazo nokukhetha isiteshi. Ngokukhetha “isiteshi” esifanele kuphela lapho isignali ingadluliselwa ngokucacile nangokuzinzile. Kungani amanye amamojula okubona enebanga lokudlulisela elingamamitha angu-500 kuphela, kuyilapho amanye ekwazi ukuhamba ngaphezu kwamakhulu amakhilomitha? Imfihlakalo ilele 'embaleni' walowo msebe wokukhanya - ngokuqondile, ubude begagasi bokukhanya.
Kumanethiwekhi okuxhumana wesimanje optical, amamojula optical amaza ahlukene adlala izindima ezihluke ngokuphelele. Amaza amaza amathathu ayisisekelo we-850nm, 1310nm, kanye ne-1550nm akha uhlaka oluyisisekelo lokuxhumana okubonakalayo, ngokuhlukaniswa okucacile komsebenzi ngokwebanga lokudlulisela, izici zokulahlekelwa, kanye nezimo zohlelo lokusebenza.
1.Kungani sidinga amaza angamaza amaningi?
Imbangela eyinhloko yokuhlukahluka kwe-wavelength kumamojula optical ilele ezinseleleni ezimbili ezinkulu ekudluliselweni kwe-fiber optic: ukulahlekelwa nokuhlakazeka. Lapho amasignali optical edluliselwa kuma-optical fibers, ukuncishiswa kwamandla (ukulahlekelwa) kwenzeka ngenxa yokumuncwa, ukuhlakazeka, nokuvuza kwendawo ephakathi. Ngesikhathi esifanayo, isivinini sokusabalalisa esingalingani sezingxenye ezahlukene ze-wavelength kubangela ukwanda kwe-pulse yesignali (ukuhlakazeka). Lokhu kudale izixazululo ze-multi-wavelength:
•850nm ibhendi:isebenza kakhulu kuma-multimode optical fibers, anamabanga okudlulisela ngokuvamile asukela kumamitha angamakhulu ambalwa (njengamamitha angu-550), futhi ingamandla amakhulu okudlulisa amabanga amafushane (njengangaphakathi kwezikhungo zedatha).
•1310nm ibhendi:ikhombisa izici eziphansi zokuhlakazeka kumafayibha ajwayelekile emodi eyodwa, enamabanga okudlulisela afika kumakhilomitha angamashumi (njengamakhilomitha angu-60), okuyenza ibe umgogodla wokudluliswa kwebanga eliphakathi.
•1550nm ibhendi:Ngezinga eliphansi lokunciphisa (cishe u-0.19dB/km), ibanga lokudluliswa kwethiyori lingadlula amakhilomitha angu-150, okulenza libe inkosi yebanga elide ngisho nokudluliswa kwebanga elide kakhulu.
Ukunyuka kobuchwepheshe be-wavelength division multiplexing (WDM) kwandisa kakhulu umthamo we-optical fibers. Isibonelo, amamojula we-fiber bidirectional (BIDI) optical modules afinyelela ukuxhumana kwe-bidirectional ku-fiber eyodwa ngokusebenzisa ubude be-wavelength obuhlukene (njengenhlanganisela ye-1310nm / 1550nm) ekugcineni kokudlulisela nokwamukela, kusindisa kakhulu izinsiza ze-fiber. Ubuchwepheshe obuthuthuke kakhulu beDense Wavelength Division Multiplexing (DWDM) bungafinyelela isikhala se-wavelength emincane kakhulu (njenge-100GHz) kumabhendi athile (afana ne-O-band 1260-1360nm), futhi i-fiber eyodwa ingasekela iziteshi eziningi noma amakhulu e-wavelength, ikhulise umthamo ophelele wokudlulisela kuzinga le-fiber oleashing elingase libe khona ngokugcwele.
2.Ungakhetha kanjani ngokwesayensi ubude begagasi bamamojula optical?
Ukukhethwa kwe-wavelength kudinga ukucatshangelwa okuphelele kwezici ezibalulekile ezilandelayo:
Ibanga lokudlulisela:
Ibanga elifushane (≤ 2km): okungcono i-850nm (i-multimode fiber).
Ibanga eliphakathi (10-40km): lilungele i-1310nm (i-fiber yemodi eyodwa).
Ibanga elide (≥ 60km): 1550nm (i-fiber yemodi eyodwa) kufanele ikhethwe, noma isetshenziswe ngokuhambisana ne-optical amplifier.
Imfuneko yekhono:
Ibhizinisi elivamile: Amamojula we-wavelength engaguquki anele.
Umthamo omkhulu, ukudluliswa kwe-high-density: Ubuchwepheshe be-DWDM/CWDM buyadingeka. Isibonelo, uhlelo lwe-100G DWDM olusebenza ku-O-band lungasekela inqwaba yamashaneli amaza amaza aphezulu.
Izindleko zokucatshangelwa:
Imojula ye-wavelength engaguquki: Intengo yeyunithi yokuqala iphansi, kodwa amamodeli amaningi we-wavelength wezingxenye eziyisipele kudingeka afakwe isitokwe.
Imojula ye-wavelength ye-Tunable: Ukutshalwa kwezimali kokuqala kuphezulu kakhulu, kodwa ngokulungiswa kwesofthiwe, kungamboza amaza amaza amaningi, kube lula ukuphatha izingxenye eziyisipele, futhi ngokuhamba kwesikhathi, kunciphise ukusebenza nokugcinwa yinkimbinkimbi kanye nezindleko.
Isimo sohlelo lokusebenza:
Ukuxhumana Kwesikhungo Sedatha (DCI): Ukuminyana okuphezulu, izixazululo ze-DWDM ezinamandla aphansi zijwayelekile.
I-5G fronthaul: Ngezidingo eziphakeme zezindleko, ukubambezeleka, nokuthembeka, amamojula ebanga lezimboni aklanyelwe i-fiber bidirectional (BIDI) eyodwa iyisinqumo esivamile.
Inethiwekhi yepaki yebhizinisi: Ngokuya ngebanga kanye nezidingo zomkhawulokudonsa, amandla aphansi, i-CWDM yebanga eliphakathi noma elifushane noma amamojula we-wavelength angakhethwa.
3. Isiphetho: Ukuziphendukela kwemvelo kwezobuchwepheshe kanye nokucatshangelwa kwekusasa
Ubuchwepheshe bemojula ye-optical buyaqhubeka nokuphindaphinda ngokushesha. Amadivayisi amasha afana nama-wavelength selective switch (WSS) ne-liquid crystal ku-silicon (LCoS) aqhuba ukuthuthukiswa kwezakhiwo zenethiwekhi yokubona evumelana nezimo. Ukuqanjwa okuqondiswe kumabhendi athile, njenge-O-band, kuhlala kuthuthukisa ukusebenza, njengokunciphisa kakhulu ukusetshenziswa kwamandla emojuli ngenkathi kugcinwa imajini eyanele ye-optical signal-to-noise ratio (OSNR).
Ekwakhiweni kwenethiwekhi kwesikhathi esizayo, onjiniyela abadingi nje kuphela ukubala ngokunembile ibanga lokudlulisela lapho bekhetha ubude begagasi, kodwa futhi bahlole kabanzi ukusetshenziswa kwamandla, ukuguquguquka kwezinga lokushisa, ukuminyana kokuphakelwa, kanye nokusebenza okugcwele komjikelezo wempilo kanye nezindleko zokunakekela. Amamojula okukhanya anokwethenjelwa okuphezulu angasebenza ngokuzinza amashumi amakhilomitha ezindaweni eziyingozi kakhulu (ezifana -40 ℃ nokubanda okunamandla) aba usekelo olubalulekile lwezindawo eziyinkimbinkimbi zokuphakela (njengeziteshi ezikude).
Isikhathi sokuthumela: Sep-18-2025