Ekufuneni umthamo ophakeme kanye nebanga elide lokudlulisa umsindo ezinhlelweni zokuxhumana ze-optical zanamuhla, umsindo, njengomkhawulo oyisisekelo ongokomzimba, uhlale uvimbela ukuthuthukiswa kokusebenza.
NgokwejwayelekileI-EDFAuhlelo lwe-fibre amplifier olufakwe i-erbium, i-optical transmission span ngayinye ikhiqiza cishe umsindo wokukhipha okuzenzakalelayo oqoqwe (i-ASE) ongu-0.1dB, osekelwe esimweni se-quantum random sokusebenzisana kokukhanya/i-electron ngesikhathi senqubo yokukhulisa.
Lolu hlobo lomsindo lubonakala njenge-jitter yesikhathi yezinga le-picosecond kusizinda sesikhathi. Ngokusho kokubikezela kwemodeli ye-jitter, ngaphansi kwesimo se-coefficient yokusabalala engu-30ps/(nm · km), i-jitter iyanda ngo-12ps lapho idlulisela i-1000km. Kusizinda semvamisa, kuholela ekwehleni kwesilinganiso sesignali-kuya-kumsindo (OSNR), okuholela ekulahlekelweni kokuzwela okungu-3.2dB (@ BER=1e-9) ohlelweni lwe-40Gbps NRZ.
Inselele enkulu kakhulu ivela ekuhlanganisweni okuguquguqukayo kwemiphumela ye-fiber nonlinear kanye nokusabalala - i-coefficient yokusabalala kwe-fiber yemodi eyodwa evamile (G.652) efasiteleni elingu-1550nm ingu-17ps/(nm · km), kuhlanganiswe nokushintsha kwesigaba okungewona olayini okubangelwa ukuguquguqulwa kwesigaba esizimele (SPM). Lapho amandla okufaka edlula u-6dBm, umphumela we-SPM uzophazamisa kakhulu isimo se-pulse waveform.
Kuhlelo lwe-960Gbps PDM-16QAM oluboniswe esithombeni esingenhla, ukuvulwa kwamehlo ngemva kokudluliselwa kwamakhilomitha angu-200 kungu-82% wenani lokuqala, kanti i-Q factor igcinwa ku-14dB (okuhambisana ne-BER ≈ 3e-5); Uma ibanga leluliwe laya ku-400km, umphumela ohlangene we-cross phase modulation (XPM) kanye ne-four wave mixing (FWM) kubangela ukuthi izinga lokuvulwa kwamehlo lehle kakhulu liye ku-63%, futhi izinga lephutha lesistimu lidlula umkhawulo wokulungiswa kwamaphutha we-FEC wesinqumo esinzima ongu-10 ^ -12.
Kuyaphawuleka ukuthi umphumela we-frequency chirp we-direct modulation laser (DML) uzoba mubi kakhulu - inani le-alpha parameter (linewidth enhancement factor) ye-laser ejwayelekile ye-DFB liphakathi kuka-3-6, futhi ushintsho lwayo lwe-instantaneous frequency lungafinyelela ku-± 2.5GHz (okuhambisana ne-chirp parameter C=2.5GHz/mA) ku-modulation current engu-1mA, okuholela esilinganisweni sokwanda kwe-pulse esingu-38% (cumulative dispersion D · L=1360ps/nm) ngemva kokudluliselwa nge-fiber engu-80km G.652.
I-crosstalk yesiteshi ezinhlelweni ze-wavelength division multiplexing (WDM) yakha izithiyo ezijulile. Uma sibheka isikhala sesiteshi esingu-50GHz njengesibonelo, amandla okuphazamiseka abangelwa ukuxubana kwamagagasi amane (FWM) anobude obusebenzayo obungamakhilomitha angama-22 kuma-fiber ajwayelekile e-optical.
Ukukhuluma nge-channel crosstalk ezinhlelweni ze-wavelength division multiplexing (WDM) kwakha izithiyo ezijulile. Uma sibheka isikhala sesiteshi esingu-50GHz njengesibonelo, ubude obusebenzayo bamandla okuphazamiseka okukhiqizwa ukuxubana kwamagagasi amane (FWM) yi-Leff=22km (okuhambisana ne-fiber attenuation coefficient α=0.22 dB/km).
Uma amandla okufaka ekhuliswa abe ngu-+15dBm, izinga lokuxoxa phakathi kweziteshi eziseduze likhuphuka ngo-7dB (uma kuqhathaniswa nesisekelo se--30dB), okuphoqa uhlelo ukuthi lwandise ukuphindaphinda kokulungiswa kwamaphutha okuya phambili (i-FEC) kusuka ku-7% kuya ku-20%. Umphumela wokudlulisa amandla obangelwa ukusabalala kwe-Raman okushukunyisiwe (i-SRS) kuholela ekulahlekelweni cishe okungu-0.02dB ngekhilomitha eziteshini ezinde zobude be-wavelength, okuholela ekucwileni kwamandla okufika ku-3.5dB ohlelweni lwe-C+L band (1530-1625nm). Isinxephezelo se-slope yesikhathi sangempela siyadingeka nge-dynamic gain equalizer (DGE).
Umkhawulo wokusebenza kwesistimu wale miphumela engokwenyama ehlanganisiwe ungalinganiswa ngomkhiqizo webanga le-bandwidth (B · L): i-B · L yesistimu yokuguqulwa kwe-NRZ ejwayelekile ku-fiber ye-G.655 (i-fiber ekhokhelwa ukuhlakazeka) cishe ingu-18000 (Gb/s) · km, kuyilapho nge-modulation ye-PDM-QPSK kanye nobuchwepheshe bokuthola obuhambisanayo, lesi sibonakaliso singathuthukiswa sibe ngu-280000 (Gb/s) · km (@ SD-FEC gain 9.5dB).
I-fiber ye-multiplexing ye-7-core x 3-mode space division multiplexing (SDM) yanamuhla ifinyelele umthamo wokudlulisa ongu-15.6Pb/s · km (umthamo we-fiber eyodwa webanga lokudlulisa elingu-1.53Pb/sx elingu-10.2km) ezindaweni zelebhu ngokusebenzisa ukulawula okubuthakathaka kwe-crosstalk phakathi kwe-core coupling (<-40dB/km).
Ukuze kufinyelelwe emkhawulweni weShannon, izinhlelo zesimanje zidinga ukwamukela ngokubambisana ukubumba amathuba (PS-256QAM, kufinyelelwe inzuzo yokubumba engu-0.8dB), ukulingana kwenethiwekhi ye-neural (ukusebenza kahle kwe-NL compensation kuthuthukiswe ngo-37%), kanye nobuchwepheshe bokukhulisa i-Raman (DRA, ukunemba kwe-gain slope ± 0.5dB) ukuze kwandiswe i-Q factor yokudluliswa kwe-single carrier 400G PDM-64QAM nge-2dB (kusuka ku-12dB kuya ku-14dB), futhi kwehlise ukubekezelelana kwe-OSNR kube ngu-17.5dB/0.1nm (@ BER=2e-2).
Isikhathi sokuthunyelwe: Juni-12-2025