1. Ukubuka konke
I-AP engenantambo (Indawo Yokufinyelela Engenantambo), okungukuthi, indawo yokufinyelela engenantambo, isetshenziswa njengeswishi engenantambo yenethiwekhi engenantambo futhi iyisizinda senethiwekhi engenantambo. I-AP engenantambo iyindawo yokufinyelela yamadivayisi angenantambo (njengamakhompyutha aphathekayo, amatheminali eselula, njll.) ukungena kunethiwekhi enentambo. Isetshenziswa kakhulu emakhaya, ezakhiweni nasemapaki, futhi ingahlanganisa amashumi amamitha kuya kwamakhulu amamitha.
I-Wireless AP yigama elinezincazelo eziningi ezahlukene. Ayihlanganisi nje kuphela izindawo zokufinyelela ezingenantambo ezilula (ama-Wireless AP), kodwa futhi negama elijwayelekile lama-router angenantambo (kufaka phakathi amasango angenantambo, amabhuloho angenantambo) kanye namanye amadivayisi.
I-Wireless AP iwuhlelo olujwayelekile lwenethiwekhi yendawo engenantambo. I-Wireless AP iyibhuloho elixhumanisa inethiwekhi engenantambo nenethiwekhi enentambo, futhi iyithuluzi eliyinhloko lokusungula inethiwekhi yendawo engenantambo (i-WLAN). Ihlinzeka ngomsebenzi wokufinyelelana phakathi kwamadivayisi angenantambo nama-LAN anentambo. Ngosizo lwama-AP angenantambo, amadivayisi angenantambo ngaphakathi kwesembozo sesignali sama-AP angenantambo angaxhumana. Ngaphandle kwama-AP angenantambo, akunakwenzeka ukwakha i-WLAN yangempela engafinyelela i-inthanethi. . I-AP engenantambo ku-WLAN ilingana nendima yesiteshi sokudlulisa kunethiwekhi yokuxhumana yeselula.
Uma kuqhathaniswa nokwakhiwa kwenethiwekhi enezintambo, i-AP engenantambo kunethiwekhi engenantambo ilingana nehabhu kunethiwekhi enezintambo. Ingaxhuma amadivayisi ahlukahlukene angenantambo. Ikhadi lenethiwekhi elisetshenziswa yidivayisi engenantambo liyikhadi lenethiwekhi elingenantambo, kanti indlela yokudlulisela umoya (igagasi le-electromagnetic). I-AP engenantambo iyindawo ephakathi yeyunithi engenantambo, futhi zonke izimpawu ezingenantambo kuyunithi kumele zidlule kuyo ukuze zishintshisane.
2. Imisebenzi
2.1 Xhuma okungenantambo kanye nezintambo
Umsebenzi ovame kakhulu we-AP engenantambo ukuxhuma inethiwekhi engenantambo kanye nenethiwekhi enezintambo, kanye nokuhlinzeka ngomsebenzi wokufinyelela okuhlangene phakathi kwedivayisi engenantambo kanye nenethiwekhi enezintambo. Njengoba kuboniswe kuMfanekiso 2.1-1.
I-Wireless AP ixhuma inethiwekhi enezintambo namadivayisi angenantambo
2.2 I-WDS
I-WDS (Uhlelo Lokusabalalisa Okungenantambo), okungukuthi, uhlelo lokusabalalisa olungenantambo, luyisici esikhethekile ku-AP engenantambo kanye ne-router engenantambo. Kuyisici esiwusizo kakhulu ukuqaphela ukuxhumana phakathi kwamadivayisi amabili angenantambo. Isibonelo, kunomakhelwane abathathu, futhi umndeni ngamunye une-router engenantambo noma i-AP engenantambo esekela i-WDS, ukuze isignali engenantambo ikwazi ukumbozwa yimindeni emithathu ngesikhathi esisodwa, okwenza ukuxhumana kube lula kakhulu. Kodwa-ke, kufanele kuqashelwe ukuthi amadivayisi e-WDS asekelwa yi-router engenantambo anqunyelwe (Ngokuvamile amadivayisi angu-4-8 angasekelwa), futhi amadivayisi e-WDS emikhiqizo ehlukene nawo angase ahluleke ukuxhuma.
2.3 Imisebenzi ye-AP engenantambo
2.3.1 Ukudluliselwa
Umsebenzi obalulekile we-wireless AP ukudluliswa. Okubizwa ngokuthi ukudluliswa ukukhulisa isignali engenantambo kanye phakathi kwamaphuzu amabili angenantambo, ukuze idivayisi engenantambo ekude ithole isignali engenantambo enamandla. Isibonelo, i-AP ibekwa endaweni a, futhi kukhona idivayisi engenantambo endaweni c. Kukhona ibanga lamamitha angu-120 phakathi kwendawo a nephuzu c. Ukudluliswa kwesignali engenantambo kusuka endaweni a kuya endaweni c kuye kwaba buthaka kakhulu, ngakho kungaba amamitha angu-60 ukusuka lapho. Beka i-AP engenantambo njenge-relay endaweni b, ukuze isignali engenantambo endaweni c ithuthukiswe ngempumelelo, ngaleyo ndlela kuqinisekiswe isivinini sokudlulisa kanye nokuzinza kwesignali engenantambo.
2.3.2 Ukuhlanganisa
Umsebenzi obalulekile we-wireless AP ukuhlanganisa. Ukuhlanganisa ukuxhuma ama-endpoint amabili e-AP angenantambo ukuze kufezwe ukudluliswa kwedatha phakathi kwama-AP amabili angenantambo. Kwezinye izimo, uma ufuna ukuxhuma ama-LAN amabili anezintambo, ungakhetha ukuhlanganisa i-AP engenantambo. Isibonelo, endaweni a kukhona i-LAN enezintambo eyakhiwe ngamakhompyutha ayi-15, kanti endaweni b kukhona i-LAN enezintambo eyakhiwe ngamakhompyutha angama-25, kodwa ibanga eliphakathi kwamaphuzu ab no-ab lide kakhulu, lidlula amamitha ayi-100, ngakho-ke akufanele ukuxhuma ngekhebula. Ngalesi sikhathi, ungasetha i-AP engenantambo endaweni a nasephuzwini b ngokulandelana, bese uvula umsebenzi wokuhlanganisa we-AP engenantambo, ukuze ama-LAN asemaphuzwini ab no-ab akwazi ukudlulisa idatha komunye nomunye.
2.3.3 Imodi ye-Master-slave
Omunye umsebenzi we-wireless AP “imodi ye-master-slave”. I-wireless AP esebenza kule modi izobhekwa njengeklayenti elingenantambo (njengekhadi lenethiwekhi elingenantambo noma imodyuli engenantambo) yi-master wireless AP noma i-wireless router engenantambo. Kulula ukuthi abaphathi benethiwekhi baphathe inethiwekhi encane futhi benze uxhumano lwe-point-to-multipoint (i-router engenantambo noma i-AP engenantambo eyinhloko iyiphuzu elilodwa, kanti iklayenti le-AP engenantambo liyiphuzu eliningi). Umsebenzi we-“master-slave mode” uvame ukusetshenziswa ezimweni zokuxhumeka kwe-wireless LAN kanye ne-LAN enezintambo. Isibonelo, iphuzu a yi-LAN enezintambo eyakhiwe ngamakhompyutha angu-20, kanti iphuzu b yi-LAN engenantambo eyakhiwe ngamakhompyutha angu-15. Iphuzu b selivele likhona i-router engenantambo. Uma iphuzu a lifuna ukufinyelela iphuzu b, ungangeza i-AP engenantambo endaweni a, uxhume i-AP engenantambo kuswishi endaweni a, bese uvula “imodi ye-master-slave” ye-wireless AP kanye nokuxhumeka okungenantambo endaweni b. I-router ixhunyiwe, futhi ngalesi sikhathi wonke amakhompyutha endaweni a angaxhuma kumakhompyutha endaweni b.
3. Umehluko phakathi kwe-Wireless AP ne-Wireless Router
3.1 I-AP Engenantambo
I-AP engenantambo, okungukuthi, indawo yokufinyelela engenantambo, imane iyiswishi engenantambo kunethiwekhi engenantambo. Iyindawo yokufinyelela yabasebenzisi be-terminal yeselula ukungena kunethiwekhi enentambo. Isetshenziswa kakhulu ekusakazweni kwe-broadband yasekhaya kanye nenethiwekhi yangaphakathi yebhizinisi. Ibanga lokumbozwa okungenantambo lingama-amashumi amamitha kuya kwamakhulu amamitha, ubuchwepheshe obuyinhloko uchungechunge lwama-802.11X. Ama-AP ajwayelekile angenantambo nawo anemodi yeklayenti lendawo yokufinyelela, okusho ukuthi izixhumanisi ezingenantambo zingenziwa phakathi kwama-AP, ngaleyo ndlela kwandiswe ukumbozwa kwenethiwekhi engenantambo.
Njengoba i-AP elula engenantambo ingenawo umsebenzi wokuqondisa, ilingana neswishi engenantambo futhi inikeza umsebenzi wokudlulisa isignali engenantambo kuphela. Umgomo wayo osebenzayo ukwamukela isignali yenethiwekhi edluliselwa yi-twisted pair, futhi ngemva kokuhlanganiswa yi-AP engenantambo, guqula isignali kagesi ibe isignali yomsakazo bese uyithumela ukuze yakhe ukumbozwa kwenethiwekhi engenantambo.
3.2I-Router Engenantambo
I-AP engenantambo enwetshiwe yilokho esivame ukukubiza ngokuthi i-router engenantambo. I-router engenantambo, njengoba igama layo lisho, iyi-router enomsebenzi wokumboza ongenantambo, osetshenziswa kakhulu abasebenzisi ukuphequlula i-inthanethi kanye nokumboza okungenantambo. Uma kuqhathaniswa ne-AP engenantambo elula, i-router engenantambo ingakwazi ukufeza ukwabelana ngokuxhumeka kwe-inthanethi kunethiwekhi engenantambo yasekhaya ngomsebenzi wokuhambisa, futhi ingafinyelela nokufinyelela okungenantambo kwe-ADSL kanye ne-broadband yomphakathi.
Kuhle ukusho ukuthi ama-terminal angenantambo nanezintambo angabelwa i-subnet nge-router engenantambo, ukuze amadivayisi ahlukahlukene ku-subnet akwazi ukushintshanisa idatha kalula.
3.3 Isifinyezo
Ngamafuphi, i-AP elula engenantambo ilingana neswishi engenantambo; i-router engenantambo (i-AP engenantambo enwetshiwe) ilingana "nomsebenzi we-AP engenantambo + i-router". Ngokuphathelene nezimo zokusetshenziswa, uma ikhaya selivele lixhunywe kwi-inthanethi futhi lifuna nje ukunikeza ukufinyelela okungenantambo, khona-ke ukukhetha i-AP engenantambo kwanele; kodwa uma ikhaya lingakaxhunywa kwi-inthanethi, sidinga ukuxhuma kumsebenzi wokufinyelela okungenantambo kwi-inthanethi, khona-ke udinga ukukhetha i-router engenantambo ngalesi sikhathi.
Ngaphezu kwalokho, ngokombono wokubukeka, lokhu okubili kuyafana ngobude, futhi akulula ukukuhlukanisa. Kodwa-ke, uma ubheka eduze, usengabona umehluko phakathi kwalokhu okubili: okungukuthi, izixhumi zazo zihlukile. (Uhlobo olulula) i-AP engenantambo ivame ukuba ne-port yenethiwekhi ye-RJ45 enezintambo, i-port yokunikezela ngogesi, i-port yokulungiselela (i-port ye-USB noma ukucushwa nge-interface ye-WEB), kanye nezibani ezimbalwa zezinkomba; kuyilapho i-router engenantambo inama-port amane enethiwekhi enezintambo, ngaphandle kokuthi i-port eyodwa ye-WAN isetshenziselwa ukuxhuma emishinini yenethiwekhi esezingeni eliphezulu, futhi ama-port amane e-LAN angacushwa ukuze axhunywe kumakhompyutha aku-intranet, futhi kunezibani zezinkomba ezengeziwe.
Isikhathi sokuthunyelwe: Ephreli-19-2023