Ukuhlaziywa kwezinzuzo ze-WiMAX ekufinyeleleni i-IPTV

Selokhu i-IPTV yangena emakethe ngo-1999, izinga lokukhula liye landa kancane kancane. Kulindeleke ukuthi abasebenzisi be-IPTV emhlabeni wonke bafinyelele ngaphezu kwezigidi ezingama-26 ngo-2008, kanti izinga lokukhula lonyaka labasebenzisi be-IPTV eShayina kusukela ngo-2003 kuya ku-2008 lizofinyelela ku-245%.

Ngokusho kocwaningo, ikhilomitha lokugcina le-I-IPTVUkufinyelela kuvame ukusetshenziswa kwimodi yokufinyelela ikhebula le-DSL, ngenxa yobubanzi bomkhawulokudonsa kanye nokuqina nezinye izici, i-IPTV emncintiswaneni ne-TV evamile isengozini, futhi indlela yokufinyelela ikhebula yokwakha izindleko iphezulu, umjikelezo mude, futhi unzima. Ngakho-ke, indlela yokuxazulula inkinga yokufinyelela ye-IPTV engaba yingozi kakhulu.

I-WiMAX (WorldwideInteroper-abilityforMicrowave Access) ubuchwepheshe bokufinyelela obungenantambo be-broadband obusekelwe ochungechungeni lwe-IEEE802.16 lwezinqubo, eziye zaba yindawo entsha yokuthuthukiswa kobuchwepheshe obungenantambo be-metro broadband. Ingathatha indawo yokuxhumeka kwe-DSL okukhona kanye nezintambo ukuze inikeze izinhlobo ezihleliwe, zeselula zokuxhumeka kwe-broadband okungenantambo. Ngenxa yezindleko zayo eziphansi zokwakha, ukusebenza okuphezulu kobuchwepheshe kanye nokuthembeka okuphezulu, kuzoba ubuchwepheshe obungcono bokuxazulula inkinga yokufinyelela ye-IPTV efika ekugcineni.

2, isimo samanje sobuchwepheshe bokufinyelela i-IPTV

Njengamanje, ubuchwepheshe bokufinyelela obusetshenziswa kakhulu ukuhlinzeka ngezinsizakalo ze-IPTV buhlanganisa ubuchwepheshe be-DSL, i-FTTB, i-FTTH obusheshayo kanye nobunye ubuchwepheshe bokufinyelela ngentambo. Ngenxa yokutshalwa kwezimali okuphansi ekusebenziseni uhlelo lwe-DSL olukhona ukusekela izinsizakalo ze-IPTV, okungu-3/4 kwabaqhubi bezokuxhumana e-Asia basebenzisa amabhokisi okusetha phezulu ukuguqula izimpawu ze-DSL zibe izimpawu ze-TV ukuze banikeze izinsizakalo ze-IPTV.

Okuqukethwe okubaluleke kakhulu kwe-IPTV bearer kufaka phakathi izinhlelo ze-VOD ne-TV. Ukuze kuqinisekiswe ukuthi ikhwalithi yokubuka ye-IPTV iyafana neyenethiwekhi yekhebula yamanje, inethiwekhi ye-IPTV bearer iyadingeka ukunikeza iziqinisekiso ku-bandwidth, ukubambezeleka kokushintsha kwesiteshi, i-network QoS, njll., futhi lezi zici zobuchwepheshe be-DSL azikwazi ukuhlangabezana nezidingo ze-IPTV, futhi ukwesekwa kwe-DSL kwe-multicast kunqunyelwe. Ama-router ephrothokholi ye-IPv4 awasekeli i-multicast. Nakuba ngokwethiyori kusenendawo yokuthuthukisa ubuchwepheshe be-DSL, kunezinguquko ezimbalwa zekhwalithi ku-bandwidth.

3, izici zobuchwepheshe be-WiMAX

I-WiMAX ubuchwepheshe bokufinyelela okungenantambo be-broadband obusekelwe ku-IEEE802.16 standard, okuyindinganiso entsha yokuxhumana emoyeni ehlongozwayo yama-microwave nama-millimeter wave bands. Ingahlinzeka ngesilinganiso sokudlulisa esifika ku-75Mbit/s, ukumbozwa kwesiteshi esisodwa esifinyelela ku-50km. I-WiMAX yenzelwe ama-LAN angenantambo futhi ukuxazulula inkinga yemayela lokugcina lokufinyelela kwe-broadband, isetshenziselwa ukuxhuma "izindawo ezishisayo" ze-Wi-Fi kwi-inthanethi, kodwa futhi ukuxhuma indawo yenkampani noma ikhaya emgqeni womgogodla onentambo, ongasetshenziswa njengekhebula kanye nomugqa we-DTH, futhi ungasetshenziswa njengekhebula kanye nomugqa we-DTH. Ingasetshenziswa futhi ukuxhuma izindawo ezifana nebhizinisi noma ikhaya kumgogodla onentambo, futhi ingasetshenziswa njengesandiso esingenantambo kukhebula kanye ne-DSL ukuze kuvunyelwe ukufinyelela kwe-broadband okungenantambo.

4, i-WiMAX ithola ukufinyelela okungenantambo kwe-IPTV

(1) Izidingo ze-IPTV kunethiwekhi yokufinyelela

Isici esiyinhloko sesevisi ye-IPTV ukusebenzisana kwayo kanye nesikhathi sangempela. Ngesevisi ye-IPTV, abasebenzisi bangajabulela izinsizakalo zemidiya yedijithali ezisezingeni eliphezulu (eziseduze nezinga le-DVD), futhi bangakhetha ngokukhululeka izinhlelo zevidiyo kusuka kumanethiwekhi e-IP e-broadband, beqaphela ukusebenzisana okukhulu phakathi kwabahlinzeki bemidiya nabathengi bemidiya.

Ukuze kuqinisekiswe ukuthi ikhwalithi yokubuka ye-IPTV iyafana neyenethiwekhi yekhebula yamanje, inethiwekhi yokufinyelela ye-IPTV iyadingeka ukuthi ikwazi ukunikeza iziqinisekiso ngokuya nge-bandwidth, ukubambezeleka kokushintsha iziteshi, i-QoS yenethiwekhi, njalo njalo. Ngokuya nge-bandwidth yokufinyelela komsebenzisi, ukusetshenziswa kobuchwepheshe bokufaka ikhodi obusetshenziswa kabanzi, abasebenzisi badinga okungenani i-bandwidth yokufinyelela ye-downlink engu-3 ~ 4Mbit / s, uma ukudluliswa kwevidiyo esezingeni eliphezulu, i-bandwidth edingekayo nayo iphakeme; ekubambezelekeni kokushintsha iziteshi, ukuqinisekisa ukuthi abasebenzisi be-IPTV bashintsha phakathi kweziteshi ezahlukene kanye nokushintsha kwe-TV evamile ukusebenza okufanayo, ukuthunyelwa kabanzi kwezinsizakalo ze-IPTV kudinga okungenani imishini ye-digital Subscriber line access multiplexing (DSLAM) ukusekela ubuchwepheshe be-IP multicast; ngokuphathelene ne-QoS yenethiwekhi, ukuvimbela ukulahleka kwephakethe, ukushaqeka kanye neminye impembelelo kwikhwalithi yokubuka kwe-IPTV.

(2) Ukuqhathaniswa kwendlela yokufinyelela ye-WiMAX nendlela yokufinyelela ye-DSL, i-Wi-Fi kanye ne-FTTx

I-DSL, ngenxa yemingcele yayo yobuchwepheshe, kusenezinkinga eziningi maqondana nebanga, izinga kanye nezinga lokuphuma. Uma kuqhathaniswa ne-DSL, i-WiMAX ingamboza indawo enkulu ngokwesayensi, inikeze amazinga edatha asheshayo, ibe nokukhula okukhulu kanye neziqinisekiso ze-QoS eziphezulu.

Uma kuqhathaniswa ne-Wi-Fi, i-WiMAX inezinzuzo zobuchwepheshe zokumbozwa okubanzi, ukuzivumelanisa nebhendi ebanzi, ukusabalala okuqinile, i-QoS ephezulu kanye nokuphepha, njll. I-Wi-Fi isekelwe ku-Wireless Local Area Network (WLAN), futhi isetshenziselwa kakhulu ukufinyelela i-inthanethi/i-intranet okusatshalaliswa eduze ngaphakathi, emahhovisi, noma ezindaweni ezishisayo; i-WiMAX isekelwe ku-Wireless WiMAX isekelwe ku-wireless metropolitan area network (WMAN), esetshenziswa kakhulu kusevisi yokufinyelela idatha ngesivinini esiphezulu ngaphansi kweselula ezinzile nesheshayo.

I-FTTB+LAN, njengendlela yokufinyelela i-broadband esheshayo, iyasebenzaI-IPTVisevisi ngaphandle kwenkinga enkulu ngokobuchwepheshe, kodwa inqunyelwe inkinga yezintambo ezihlanganisiwe esakhiweni, izindleko zokufakwa kanye nebanga lokudlulisela elibangelwa ikhebula elisontekile. Izici zokudlulisela ze-WiMAX ezingcono kakhulu, ukuthunyelwa okuguquguqukayo kanye nokukhula kokucushwa, ikhwalithi yesevisi ye-QoS enhle kakhulu kanye nokuphepha okuqinile konke kwenza kube yindlela yokufinyelela efanelekile ye-IPTV.

(3) Izinzuzo ze-WiMAX ekufinyeleleni ukufinyelela okungenantambo ku-IPTV

Ngokuqhathanisa i-WiMAX ne-DSL, i-Wi-Fi kanye ne-FTTx, kungabonakala ukuthi i-WiMAX iyona engcono kakhulu ekufinyeleleni ukufinyelela kwe-IPTV. Kusukela ngoMeyi 2006, inani lamalungu e-WiMAX Forum lakhula laya ku-356, futhi opharetha abangaphezu kuka-120 emhlabeni wonke bajoyine le nhlangano. I-WiMAX izoba ubuchwepheshe obuhle kakhulu bokuxazulula ibanga lokugcina le-IPTV. I-WiMAX izoba futhi enye indlela engcono kune-DSL kanye ne-Wi-Fi.

(4) Ukuqashelwa kwe-WiMAX kokufinyelela kwe-IPTV

Izinga elijwayelekile le-IEEE802.16-2004 ligxile kakhulu kuma-terminal aqinile, ibanga lokudlulisa eliphezulu lingu-7~10km, kanti ibhendi yalo yokuxhumana ingaphansi kuka-11GHz, kusetshenziswa indlela yesiteshi esingakhethwa, kanti i-bandwidth yesiteshi ngasinye iphakathi kuka-1.25~20MHz. Uma i-bandwidth ingu-20 MHz, izinga eliphezulu le-IEEE 802.16a lingafinyelela ku-75 Mbit/s, ngokuvamile lingu-40 Mbit/s; uma i-bandwidth ingu-10 MHz, linganikeza izinga lokudlulisa elimaphakathi elingu-20 Mbit/s.

Amanethiwekhi e-WiMAX asekela amamodeli ebhizinisi anemibala. Izinsizakalo zedatha zamanani ahlukene yizona eziyinhloko zenethiwekhi. I-WiMAX isekela amazinga ahlukene e-QoS, ngakho-ke ukumbozwa kwenethiwekhi kuhlobene eduze nohlobo lwesevisi. Ngokuphathelene nokufinyelela kwe-IPTV. ngoba i-IPTV idinga isiqinisekiso se-QoS sezinga eliphezulu kanye namazinga okudlulisa idatha ngesivinini esikhulu. ngakho-ke inethiwekhi ye-WiMAX isethwe ngokufanele ngokwenani labasebenzisi endaweni kanye nezidingo zabo. Lapho abasebenzisi befinyelela inethiwekhi ye-IPTV. Asikho isidingo sokwenza izintambo futhi, kudingeka nje ukwengeza imishini yokwamukela i-WiMAX kanye nebhokisi le-IP set-top, ukuze abasebenzisi bakwazi ukusebenzisa isevisi ye-IPTV kalula nangokushesha.

Njengamanje, i-IPTV iyibhizinisi elikhulayo elinamandla amakhulu emakethe, futhi intuthuko yalo isesencane. Umkhuba wentuthuko yalo yesikhathi esizayo ukuhlanganisa izinsizakalo ze-IPTV nama-terminal, futhi i-TV izoba yi-terminal yasekhaya yedijithali ephelele enemisebenzi yokuxhumana kanye ne-inthanethi. Kodwa i-IPTV ukufeza impumelelo ngomqondo weqiniso, hhayi nje ukuxazulula inkinga yokuqukethwe, kodwa futhi nokuxazulula inkinga yekhilomitha lokugcina.