I-EPON（Inethiwekhi ye-Ethernet Passive Optical）
Inethiwekhi ye-Ethernet passive optical iwubuchwepheshe be-PON obusekelwe ku-Ethernet. Yamukela isakhiwo se-point to multipoint kanye nokudluliselwa kwe-fiber optic passive, okunikeza izinsizakalo eziningi nge-Ethernet. Ubuchwepheshe be-EPON bubekwe ezingeni elifanele yiqembu elisebenzayo le-IEEE802.3 EFM. NgoJuni 2004, iqembu elisebenzayo le-IEEE802.3EFM lakhipha indinganiso ye-EPON - IEEE802.3ah (ehlanganiswe nendinganiso ye-IEEE802.3-2005 ngo-2005).
Kuleli zinga, ubuchwepheshe be-Ethernet kanye ne-PON buhlanganisiwe, kanye nobuchwepheshe be-PON obusetshenziswa kungqimba olungokoqobo kanye nephrothokholi ye-Ethernet esetshenziswa kungqimba lokuxhumanisa idatha, kusetshenziswa i-topology ye-PON ukuze kufinyelelwe ukufinyelela kwe-Ethernet. Ngakho-ke, ihlanganisa izinzuzo zobuchwepheshe be-PON kanye nobuchwepheshe be-Ethernet: izindleko eziphansi, i-bandwidth ephezulu, ukusabalala okuqinile, ukuhambisana ne-Ethernet ekhona, ukuphathwa okulula, njll.
I-GPON (i-PON ekwaziyo i-Gigabit)
Lobu buchwepheshe buyisizukulwane sakamuva sezinga lokufinyelela elihlanganisiwe le-broadband passive optical elisekelwe kuzinga le-ITU-TG.984. x, elinezinzuzo eziningi ezifana ne-bandwidth ephezulu, ukusebenza kahle okuphezulu, indawo enkulu yokumboza, kanye ne-interface yomsebenzisi ecebile. Iningi labasebenzisi libubheka njengobuchwepheshe obuhle bokufeza i-broadband kanye nokuguqulwa okuphelele kwezinsizakalo zenethiwekhi yokufinyelela. I-GPON yaqala ukuphakanyiswa yinhlangano ye-FSAN ngoSepthemba 2002. Ngokusekelwe kulokhu, i-ITU-T yaqeda ukuthuthukiswa kwe-ITU-T G.984.1 kanye ne-G.984.2 ngoMashi 2003, kanye ne-G.984.3 ejwayelekile ngoFebhuwari nangoJuni 2004. Ngakho-ke, umndeni ojwayelekile we-GPON wakhiwa ekugcineni.
Ubuchwepheshe be-GPON buvela esimisweni sobuchwepheshe be-ATPON esakhiwa kancane kancane ngo-1995, kanti i-PON imele "i-Passive Optical Network" ngesiNgisi. I-GPON (i-Gigabit Capable Passive Optical Network) yahlongozwa okokuqala yinhlangano ye-FSAN ngoSepthemba 2002. Ngokusekelwe kulokhu, i-ITU-T yaqeda ukuthuthukiswa kwe-ITU-T G.984.1 kanye ne-G.984.2 ngoMashi 2003, kanye ne-G.984.3 ejwayelekile ngoFebhuwari nangoJuni 2004. Ngakho-ke, umndeni ojwayelekile we-GPON wakhiwa ekugcineni. Isakhiwo esiyisisekelo samadivayisi asekelwe kubuchwepheshe be-GPON sifana ne-PON ekhona, equkethe i-OLT (Optical Line Terminal) ehhovisi eliphakathi, i-ONT/ONU (Optical Network Terminal noma i-Optical Network Unit) ekugcineni komsebenzisi, i-ODN (Optical Distribution Network) eyakhiwe nge-fiber yemodi eyodwa (i-SM fiber) kanye ne-splitter engasebenzi, kanye nohlelo lokuphatha inethiwekhi oluxhumanisa amadivayisi amabili okuqala.
Umehluko phakathi kwe-EPON ne-GPON
I-GPON isebenzisa ubuchwepheshe be-wavelength division multiplexing (WDM) ukuze ivumele ukulayisha nokulanda ngasikhathi sinye. Ngokuvamile, kusetshenziselwa isithwali se-optical esingu-1490nm ukulanda, kuyilapho isithwali se-optical esingu-1310nm sikhethwa ukulayisha. Uma izimpawu ze-TV zidinga ukudluliswa, isithwali se-optical esingu-1550nm sizosetshenziswa futhi. Nakuba i-ONU ngayinye ingafinyelela isivinini sokulanda esingu-2.488 Gbits/s, i-GPON isebenzisa futhi i-Time Division Multiple Access (TDMA) ukuze inikeze isikhathi esithile somsebenzisi ngamunye kusignali yesikhathi.
Izinga eliphezulu lokulanda le-XGPON lifinyelela ku-10Gbits/s, kanti izinga lokulayisha nalo liyi-2.5Gbit/s. Iphinde isebenzise ubuchwepheshe be-WDM, futhi ubude bamaza e-optical carriers angaphezulu naphansi angama-1270nm kanye no-1577nm, ngokulandelana.
Ngenxa yesilinganiso sokudlulisa esikhulayo, ama-ONU amaningi angahlukaniswa ngokwefomethi efanayo yedatha, ngebanga lokumboza eliphakeme elifika kumakhilomitha angama-20. Nakuba i-XGPON ingakamukelwa kabanzi okwamanje, inikeza indlela enhle yokuthuthukisa opharetha bokuxhumana kwe-optical.
I-EPON ihambisana ngokugcwele nezinye izindinganiso ze-Ethernet, ngakho-ke asikho isidingo sokuguqulwa noma ukufakwa kwe-capsulation uma ixhunywe kumanethiwekhi asekelwe ku-Ethernet, ngomthwalo omkhulu wama-byte angu-1518. I-EPON ayidingi indlela yokufinyelela ye-CSMA/CD ezinguqulweni ezithile ze-Ethernet. Ngaphezu kwalokho, njengoba ukudluliselwa kwe-Ethernet kuyindlela eyinhloko yokudluliselwa kwenethiwekhi yendawo, asikho isidingo sokuguqulwa kwephrothokholi yenethiwekhi ngesikhathi sokuthuthukiswa kunethiwekhi yendawo yedolobha.
Kukhona futhi inguqulo ye-Ethernet engu-10 Gbit/s ebizwa ngokuthi i-802.3av. Isivinini sangempela somugqa singama-10.3125 Gbits/s. Imodi eyinhloko i-uplink kanye ne-downlink rate engu-10 Gbits/s, kanti ezinye zisebenzisa i-downlink engu-10 Gbits/s kanye ne-uplink engu-1 Gbit/s.
Inguqulo ye-Gbit/s isebenzisa ubude be-wavelength obuhlukene ku-fiber, obunobude be-wavelength obungaphansi kuka-1575-1580nm kanye nobude be-wavelength obuphezulu buka-1260-1280nm. Ngakho-ke, uhlelo lwe-10 Gbit/s kanye nohlelo olujwayelekile lwe-1Gbit/s kungahlanganiswa ubude be-wavelength ku-fiber efanayo.
Ukuhlanganiswa kokudlala kathathu
Ukuhlangana kwamanethiwekhi amathathu kusho ukuthi enkambisweni yokuvela kwenethiwekhi yokuxhumana, inethiwekhi yomsakazo nethelevishini, kanye ne-inthanethi kuya kunethiwekhi yokuxhumana ye-broadband, inethiwekhi yethelevishini yedijithali, kanye ne-inthanethi yesizukulwane esilandelayo, amanethiwekhi amathathu, ngokuguqulwa kobuchwepheshe, avame ukuba nemisebenzi yobuchwepheshe efanayo, ububanzi bebhizinisi obufanayo, ukuxhumana kwenethiwekhi, ukwabelana ngezinsiza, futhi anganikeza abasebenzisi izwi, idatha, umsakazo nethelevishini kanye nezinye izinsizakalo. Ukuhlanganiswa kathathu akusho ukuhlanganiswa ngokomzimba kwamanethiwekhi amathathu amakhulu, kodwa ikakhulukazi kubhekisela ekuhlanganisweni kwezinhlelo zokusebenza zebhizinisi ezisezingeni eliphezulu.
Ukuhlanganiswa kwamanethiwekhi amathathu kusetshenziswa kabanzi emikhakheni eyahlukene njengokuthutha okuhlakaniphile, ukuvikelwa kwemvelo, umsebenzi kahulumeni, ukuphepha komphakathi, kanye namakhaya aphephile. Esikhathini esizayo, omakhalekhukhwini bangabuka i-TV futhi bavule i-inthanethi, i-TV ingashaya ucingo futhi ivule i-inthanethi, kanti amakhompyutha nawo angashaya ucingo futhi abuke i-TV.
Ukuhlanganiswa kwamanethiwekhi amathathu kungahlaziywa ngomqondo ohlukile kusuka emibonweni nasemazingeni ahlukene, okubandakanya ukuhlanganiswa kobuchwepheshe, ukuhlanganiswa kwebhizinisi, ukuhlanganiswa kwemboni, ukuhlanganiswa kwesiphelo, kanye nokuhlanganiswa kwenethiwekhi.
Ubuchwepheshe be-Broadband
Umzimba oyinhloko wobuchwepheshe be-broadband ubuchwepheshe bokuxhumana nge-fiber optic. Enye yezinjongo zokuhlangana kwenethiwekhi ukuhlinzeka ngezinsizakalo ezihlangene ngenethiwekhi. Ukuze kuhlinzekwe ngezinsizakalo ezihlangene, kuyadingeka ukuba neplatifomu yenethiwekhi engasekela ukudluliswa kwezinsizakalo ezahlukahlukene ze-multimedia (imidiya yokusakaza) njengomsindo nevidiyo.
Izici zala mabhizinisi ukufunwa okukhulu kwebhizinisi, ivolumu enkulu yedatha, kanye nezidingo zekhwalithi ephezulu yesevisi, ngakho-ke ngokuvamile zidinga i-bandwidth enkulu kakhulu ngesikhathi sokudlulisa. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ngokombono wezomnotho, izindleko akufanele zibe phezulu kakhulu. Ngale ndlela, ubuchwepheshe bokuxhumana be-fiber optic obunamandla aphezulu nobuqhubekayo sebube yisinqumo esihle kakhulu semidiya yokudlulisa. Ukuthuthukiswa kobuchwepheshe be-broadband, ikakhulukazi ubuchwepheshe bokuxhumana be-optical, kuhlinzeka nge-bandwidth edingekayo, ikhwalithi yokudlulisa, kanye nezindleko eziphansi zokudlulisa ulwazi oluhlukahlukene lwebhizinisi.
Njengobuchwepheshe obuyisisekelo emkhakheni wezokuxhumana wanamuhla, ubuchwepheshe bokuxhumana kwe-optical bukhula ngesivinini sokukhula okuphindwe kayi-100 njalo eminyakeni eyi-10. Ukudluliselwa kwe-fibre optic okunamandla amakhulu kuyipulatifomu yokudlulisela efanele "yamanethiwekhi amathathu" kanye nomthwali oyinhloko womgwaqo omkhulu wolwazi wesikhathi esizayo. Ubuchwepheshe bokuxhumana be-fibre optic obunamandla amakhulu busetshenziswe kabanzi kumanethiwekhi okuxhumana ngocingo, amanethiwekhi amakhompyutha, kanye namanethiwekhi okusakaza kanye nethelevishini.
Isikhathi sokuthunyelwe: Disemba 12-2024