1. Amaphuzu aphezulu okuncipha abangelwa ngesikhathi sokubekwa
Ngesikhathi sokufakwa kwekhebula le-optical, ikakhulukazi ekubekweni okungcwatshwe ngqo okungaphezu kwamakhilomitha angu-2-3, kuvame ukuhlangatshezwane nezithiyo eziningi. Ukwakhiwa kuvame ukuhilela izisebenzi eziningi kanye namabanga amade, okwenza kube nzima ukuqinisekisa izenzo ezihlangene phakathi kwabo bonke abasebenzi. Lokhu kuyinkinga ikakhulukazi lapho kudlula ezithiyo ezifana namapayipi ensimbi avikelayo, ukugoba, imithambeka, kanye nokushintsha kokuphakama. Ngenxa yalokho, kungenzeka into eyaziwa ngokuthi “ukubopha emuva” (ukugoba okufile), okubangela umonakalo omkhulu kukhebula. Uma kwenzeka ukugoba okufile, iphuzu elibalulekile lokunciphisa lizovela kuleyo ndawo. Ezimweni ezimbi kakhulu, kungase kwenzeke ukuphuka kwefayibha okuyingxenye noma okuphelele. Leli iphutha elivamile ngesikhathi sokwakhiwa kwekhebula le-optical.
Ngaphezu kwalokho, ngesikhathi sokufakwa kwekhebula, iziphetho zekhebula zisengozini enkulu yokulimala. Ngesikhathi sokufakwa, inani eliphakeme kakhulu lokuncipha livame ukuvela endaweni yokufakwa. Ngisho nangemva kokufakwa okuphindaphindiwe kokuhlanganiswa, ukulahlekelwa akukwazi ukuncishiswa, okuholela endaweni yokuncipha okukhulu.
2. Amaphuzu aphezulu okuncipha abangelwa ngesikhathi sokuxhuma
Amaphuzu aphezulu okunciphisa avame ukwenzeka ngesikhathi senqubo yokuhlanganisa. Ngokuvamile, i-OTDR (Optical Time Domain Reflectometer) isetshenziselwa ukuqapha. Okusho ukuthi, ngemva kokuba i-fiber ngayinye ihlanganisiwe, inani lokunciphisa endaweni ye-splice liyahlolwa. Empeleni, kusetshenziswa indlela yokuhlola ye-bidirectional. Ngenxa yokwehluka ekukhiqizweni kwe-fiber, azikho izintambo ezimbili ezifanayo ncamashi, futhi umehluko kububanzi bensimu yemodi uhlala ukhona. Ngenxa yalokho, inani lokulahlekelwa elilinganiswa yi-OTDR akuyona ukulahlekelwa kwe-splice yangempela; kungaba kuhle noma kubi. Ngokuvamile, isilinganiso sezibalo samanani okuhlola e-bidirectional sithathwa njengenani lokunciphisa langempela.
Ngesikhathi sokuxhuma, ukuqapha kwesikhathi sangempela kuvame ukusetshenziswa ukuqinisekisa ukuthi ukulahleka kwe-splice kuhlangabezana nezinhloso zokulawula. Kodwa-ke, imbangela evamile yamaphuzu amakhulu okunciphisa kwenzeka ngemva kokuxhuma, ngesikhathi sokugcina i-fiber. Amanye ama-fiber angase abekwe ku-αضغط noma abe ne-radius encane kakhulu yokugoba, okwenza iphuzu eliphezulu lokunciphisa. Lokhu kungenxa yokuthi ama-fiber asebenza ku-wavelength engu-1550 nm azwela kakhulu ekulahlekelweni kwe-micro-gonding. Uma i-fiber isicindezelwe, kwenzeka ukugoba kwe-micro; ngokufanayo, uma i-radius yokugoba incane kakhulu ngesikhathi sokuxhuma i-fiber, ukulahleka okukhulu kwesignali kwenzeka kulelo phuzu. Ejika le-OTDR backscatter, lokhu kubonakala njengesinyathelo esikhulu sokunciphisa.
Esinye isizathu esivame ukunganakwa senzeka ngemva kokuba ukuvalwa kwe-splice kuhlanganisiwe. Lapho kulungiswa ukuvalwa futhi kuqinisekiswa ikhebula, uma ikhebula lingagxilile ngaphakathi kokuvalwa, kungase kube nokusonteka, okuphazamisa amashubhu e-fiber buffer. Ukucindezelwa kwemicu kube sekwenza kube nokwanda okukhulu kokuncipha, okwakha ukulahleka kwesinyathelo.
3. Amaphuzu aphezulu okuncishiswa okubangelwa ngesikhathi sokuthuthwa nokuphathwa
Uma izintambo ze-optical zithuthwa ziye endaweni yokwakha, indawo ivame ukuba nzima. Ikakhulukazi, lapho kufakwa izintambo zokuxhumana zesitimela, ama-crane avame ukungakwazi ukufinyelela indawo. Ezimweni ezinjalo, izintambo zivame ukulayishwa futhi zithulwe ngesandla. Ngesikhathi sokukhipha, ungqimba lwangaphandle lwekhebula lonakala kalula. Esinye isizathu ukuthi ububanzi besigubhu sekhebula buncane kakhulu, okwenza ungqimba lwangaphandle lwekhebula lube seduze kakhulu nomhlabathi. Izimo zomhlabathi ezindaweni zokwakha zivame ukungalingani, nobunzima obuhlukahlukene. Ngesikhathi ugoqa isigubhu sekhebula, singase sicwile emhlabathini, okubangela ukuthi ikhebula langaphandle lonakale ngezinto eziqinile. Isizathu esiyinhloko ukuthi abanye abakhiqizi basebenzisa izigubhu ezincane ukunciphisa izindleko zokukhiqiza.
Ngaphezu kwalokho, uma isigubhu sekhebula singavikelwe kahle ngamabhodi okhuni (amanye amasigubhu asebenzisa ozimele bensimbi futhi awakwazi ukuvalwa ngokuphelele ngokhuni), futhi kusetshenziswa ukugoqa kwepulasitiki kuphela, noma uma isembozo sokuvikela singabuyiselwa ngemva kokuhlolwa kwesigubhu esisodwa, ikhebula alivikelwe ngokwanele. Lapho igobolondo langaphandle lonakaliswa izinto eziqinile njengamatshe, imicu engaphakathi kwamashubhu e-buffer iyacindezelwa, okuholela ezinyathelweni zokunciphisa. Ejika elingemuva le-OTDR, lokhu kubonakala njengendawo enkulu yokunciphisa.
4. Amaphuzu aphezulu okuncipha abangelwa ngesikhathi sokuqeda
Amaphuzu aphezulu okunciphisa avame ukwenzeka ngesikhathi sokuphela kwekhebula. Ngesikhathi sokuphela, ukuqapha ukulahlekelwa kwe-splice akuvamile ukwenziwa, futhi imisebenzi incike kakhulu kokuhlangenwe nakho, okwandisa amathuba okuba namaphuzu amakhulu okunciphisa. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ngemva kokuhlanganisa ifayibha, lapho kufakwa ithreyi yokugcina ifayibha, amashubhu e-buffer eduze kwethreyi angase agobe nge-radius encane kakhulu noma asontekile futhi aguquguquke. Lokhu kubangela ukuncipha okukhulu kulawo maphuzu.
Amaphuzu anjalo okunciphisa umsindo avame ukufihlwa futhi awatholakali kalula njengalawo aphakathi kwekhebula kusetshenziswa i-OTDR.
Isikhathi sokuthunyelwe: Ephreli-23-2026