Indawo, Ukuhlonza, kanye Nokuphathwa Kwamaphuzu Aphansi Kakhulu Ezintanjeni Zokukhanya

Ekwakhiweni kwemigqa yekhebula le-optical, ukusebenza kokunciphisa kuyinkomba ebalulekile yokuhlola. Lesi sihloko sihlaziya izindawo nezindlela zokuphatha amaphuzu okunciphisa okuphezulu emigqeni yekhebula le-optical ngokusekelwe ezimweni ezijwayelekile zomugqa.

1. Izindawo Ezivamile Zamaphuzu Aphansi Kakhulu

Ngemva kokuqeda ukuxhunywa kwekhebula le-optical, yonke ingxenye yokuphindaphinda ivame ukuhlolwa kusetshenziswa i-OTDR (Optical Time Domain Reflectometer). Lokhu kuhlolwa kuqinisekisa ukuthi ukusebenza kwe-optical kwengxenye yekhebula eliqediwe kuyahlangabezana yini nezimfuneko zokwakha kanye nezindinganiso zokwamukelwa. Ukuhlolwa kufaka phakathi izici ezilandelayo:

• Ukuthi ukuncishiswa okuphelele kwesigaba sonke sokuphindaphinda kuphansi yini kunencazelo yomklamo (okungukuthi, ukuthi isilinganiso sokunciphisa singaphakathi komkhawulo odingekayo);
• Ukuthi ukulahlekelwa okumaphakathi kwe-splice kwamalunga kuyahlangabezana yini nezindinganiso zokwamukelwa kanye nezidingo zomklamo;
• Kungakhathaliseki ukuthi ijika elingemuva lesigaba sokuphinda linomthambeka ofanayo futhi libushelelezi. Ngaphandle kwezinyathelo ezincane ezibangelwa ukulahlekelwa okuvamile kwe-splice, akufanele kube nezinyathelo ezibalulekile zokunciphisa ijika.

Uma usebenzisa i-OTDR ukuhlola isigaba sokuphinda okubonakalayo nokuthola amaphuzu okunciphisa, kubalulekile ukusetha kahle amapharamitha okuhlola, njengobubanzi, ubude be-wavelength, ububanzi be-pulse, inkomba yokubuyisa, kanye nesikhathi sokulinganisa:

• Ububanzi bokuhlola: Khetha ngokuya ngobude besigaba sokuphindaphinda ukuze ijika lithathe cishe izingxenye ezimbili kwezintathu zesikrini sokubonisa;
• Ubude begagasi: Kunqunywa uhlelo, ngokuvamile i-1310 nm kanye ne-1550 nm yezintambo ze-trunk ezikude;
• Inkomba yokubuka: Isethwe ngokwezincazelo zomkhiqizi wefayibha;
• Ububanzi be-pulse: Ipharamitha ebalulekile. Uma incane kakhulu, ububanzi obuguqukayo abwanele, okuholela ezimpawini ezinomsindo ekugcineni komkhondo; uma bukhulu kakhulu, ububanzi bokuhlola buyakhula kodwa ukunemba kwehla. Ububanzi be-pulse obufanele kufanele bukhethwe ngokusekelwe kubude bekhebula ngesikhathi sokuhlolwa kwesilingo;
• Isikhathi esimaphakathi: Kulungiswe ukuqinisekisa ukugoba okubushelelezi ngaphandle komsindo obonakalayo emsileni.

Ukuze kutholakale amaphutha ngokunembile, isofthiwe yokuhlaziya ye-OTDR ingasetshenziswa ukuhlaziya ama-test curves. Amaphutha ngokuvamile awela ezigabeni ezimbili: amaphutha e-splice point kanye namaphutha omzimba wekhebula.

2. Ukuphathwa Kwamaphuzu Aphansi Kakhulu

Okokuqala, thola ukuthi iphuzu lokuncipha okuphezulu lisendaweni ye-splice. Kuma-splice points, wonke ama-fiber avame ukubonisa izinyathelo zokuncipha ezinobukhulu obuhlukahlukene. Ngokuhlaziya imikhondo eminingi ye-fiber ngesikhathi esisodwa, ungabona izinyathelo endaweni efanayo kuwo wonke ama-curve. Kala futhi ubale ukulahleka kwe-splice okuqondiswayo kuleli phuzu, urekhode noma yimaphi amanani adlula indinganiso, bese uhlela ukuvula kabusha ukuvalwa kwe-splice ukuze kulungiswe.

Uma iphuzu lokuncishiswa lingekho endaweni ye-splice, ukuhlaziywa ngasikhathi sinye kwama-curve amaningi kuzobonisa ukuthi eminye imicu inezinyathelo zokuncishiswa kanti eminye ayinazo. Lokhu kubonisa iphutha ngaphakathi kwekhebula uqobo kunokuba kube ku-splice.

Ukwenziwa Kwendawo Kwephutha

• Amaphutha aseduze: Ingatholakala esiteshini sesiteshi kusetshenziswa i-OTDR ukukala ibanga ukusuka endaweni eseduze ye-splice;
• Amaphutha aphelele: Kunzima kakhulu ukuyithola ngenxa yokunemba okunciphile emabangeni amade. Ezimweni ezinjalo, ukuhlolwa kungenziwa kusukela ekuvalekeni kwe-splice eseduze. Hlanganisa izilinganiso ze-OTDR namarekhodi okwakha kanye nezilinganiso zensimu ukuze ulinganisele indawo yephutha, ngokuvamile ngaphakathi kwamamitha angaba yishumi, kunciphisa ububanzi bokumba kanye nezindleko.

Izindlela Zokuphatha

• Amaphutha e-Splice: Vula ukuvalwa kwe-splice bese uphinda uhlanganise imicu ngenkathi uqapha nge-OTDR kuze kube yilapho kutholakala ukulahlekelwa kwe-splice okwamukelekayo.
  Uma ukuhlanganisa okuphindaphindiwe kungahlangabezani nezimfuneko, hlola:

  • Ukuguquka kwepayipi le-fiber okubangela ukucindezelwa;
  • i-radius egobile kakhulu ngesikhathi sokugoba kwefayibha;
  • Ukucindezeleka kwefayibha.

  Uma izinkinga ziqhubeka, hlola izingxenye zekhebula ngaphambi nangemva kokuxhuma. Iziphetho zekhebula elonakele kungadingeka zinqunywe futhi zonke izintambo ziphinde zixhunywe.

• Izinyathelo zokuvimbela: Ngaphambi kokuhlanganisa, hlola ngokucophelela ubude bekhebula eligciniwe. Uma kusolisa, nciphisa ubude bekhebula elengeziwe ukuze ugweme amaphutha afihliwe.

• Amaphutha omzimba wekhebula: Ngokuvamile kubangelwa yi:

  • Ukugoba noma ukugoba okubukhali;
  • Umonakalo wemishini (isb., ingcindezi evela ematsheni ebangela ukuguquka);
  • Amandla angaphandle aholela ekuguqulweni kwe-fiber tube kanye ne-fiber.

  Ukwelashwa kuhilela ukusika ingxenye eyonakele bese uyiphinda uyixhumanise. Ezimweni eziningi, lokhu kuqeda inkinga yokuncipha kwesikhumba.

Uma kunomonakalo omkhulu, faka isivalo se-splice, susa i-sheath yangaphandle, bese ulungisa noma ushintshe amashubhu aguqukile. Uma kudingeka, phinda uhlanganise imicu emashubhuni athintekile.

Izidingo Zokuhlola

Abasebenzi bokuhlola kufanele basebenzisane nabasebenzi bokuhlanganisa insimu ukuze benze izivivinyo ngezigaba eziningi:

1. Ngemva kokuqedwa kokuhlanganisa;
2. Ngemva kokuhlelwa kwefayibha nokugoqa;
3. Ngemva kokuvala nokuqinisekisa ukuvalwa kwe-splice.

Abasebenzi basensimini kufanele bahambe kuphela ngemva kokuqinisekisa ukuthi inkinga yokunciphisa isixazululo isixazululiwe.