Kule nkathi yokuthuthuka okusheshayo kwe-inthanethi, ubuchwepheshe bokufinyelela kwe-fiber optic bungene kuzo zonke izici zempilo yethu. Uxhumano lwenethiwekhi oluzinzile futhi olunesivinini esikhulu lubalulekile noma ngabe uyakujabulela ukubuka izinhlelo ze-TV, ukudlala imidlalo ekhaya, noma ukuqhuba kahle amabhizinisi ahlukahlukene ebhizinisini. Phakathi kobuchwepheshe obuningi bokufinyelela kwe-fiber optic, i-EPON ne-GPON ngokungangabazeki ihamba phambili. Namuhla, ake sihlole umehluko phakathi kwalezi zindlela ezimbili zobuchwepheshe ndawonye.
Umsuka Wobuchwepheshe kanye Nephrothokholi Ejwayelekile
I-EPON, inethiwekhi ye-Ethernet passive optical ithuthukiswa ngokusekelwe kubuchwepheshe be-Ethernet. Ilandela i-IEEE 802.3ah ejwayelekile. Leli zinga lisungula ukuxhumana okungokwemvelo nokuseduze phakathi kwe-EPON ne-Ethernet, njengoba lamukela ngokuqondile ifomethi yefreyimu ye-Ethernet, njengokubeka i-Ethernet “ejazini” lokufinyelela i-fiber optic. Kulabo asebejwayele ubuchwepheshe be-Ethernet, ukugcinwa kwemishini ye-EPON, ukuphathwa kwenethiwekhi, neminye imisebenzi kufana nokusebenza endaweni ejwayelekile, kulula ukuyifunda futhi kulula ukuyiqonda. Isibonelo, kunethiwekhi yekhampasi eseyibeke kabanzi imigqa ye-Ethernet, uma ukuthuthukela ku-fiber optic kuyadingeka, ubuchwepheshe be-EPON bungafinyelela kalula ukuhlanganiswa okungenamthungo namadivayisi akhona e-Ethernet.
I-GPON, Izinga le-Gigabit Passive Optical Networks uchungechunge lwe-ITU-T G.984. Yamukela iphrothokholi ye-encapsulation eyinkimbinkimbi futhi eyinkimbinkimbi - i-GEM (I-GPON Encapsulation Method). I-GEM ifana “nebhokisi lesitoreji” elihlakaniphile elingahlela futhi lipakishe izinhlobo ezihlukahlukene zokugeleza kwebhizinisi. Lokhu kwenza i-GPON isebenze kahle kakhulu ekuphatheni ibhizinisi, noma ngabe izingcingo zezwi, ukudluliswa kwedatha okukhulu, noma ukudlalwa kwevidiyo enencazelo ephezulu, i-GPON ingakwazi ukuphendula kalula futhi izibambe kalula. Kunethiwekhi yokufinyelela yesevisi edidiyelwe enikeza abasebenzisi ukufinyelela kwe-inthanethi, i-IPTV nezinsizakalo ze-VoIP ngesikhathi esifanayo, i-GPON ingakwazi ukuphatha futhi idlulisele lezi zinhlobo ezahlukene zokugeleza kwesevisi ngendlela ehlelekile ngenxa yamandla ayo okuzivumelanisa nezimo zesevisi enamandla, ukuze kuqinisekiswe ukuthi isevisi ngayinye ingasebenza ngokuzinza nangempumelelo.
Isivinini kanye nokusebenza kahle komkhawulokudonsa
Izilinganiso ezikhuphukayo neziphansi ze-EPON ngokuvamile ziyalingana, nezinga elijwayelekile elingu-1.25Gbps. Kodwa-ke, enqubweni yangempela yokudlulisa inethiwekhi, ngenxa yekhanda eliphezulu lamafreyimu e-Ethernet, njengemininingwane yokulawula ehlukahlukene ephathwa ekuqaleni nasekupheleni kohlaka, nakuba lolu lwazi lubalulekile ekudluliselweni okuyikho kanye nokucutshungulwa kwedatha, futhi lisebenzisa izinsiza ezithile zomkhawulokudonsa, okuholela ekutheni umkhawulokudonsa osebenzayo osetshenziswa ekudluliseni idatha yomsebenzisi ube ngaphansi kancane kuno-1.25Gbps okuzisholo wona.
I-GPON igqame ngokwedlulele ngokwejubane, inejubane lokuxhumanisa elifika ku-2.488Gbps kanye nesivinini esikhuphukayo esingu-1.244Gbps noma esingu-2.488Gbps. I-GPON yamukela ubude befreyimu engu-125 μ s futhi ifakwe i-algorithm ephumelelayo yokwabiwa komkhawulokudonsa. Kufana nomgwaqo onguthelawayeka, i-GPON ayigcini nje ngokunweba imizila, kodwa futhi ithuthukisa imithetho yokuthunyelwa kwethrafikhi, ivumela izimoto (idatha) ukuthi zihambe ngokushelela nangempumelelo. Ngale ndlela, i-GPON ingcono kakhulu kune-EPON ekusebenzeni kahle komkhawulokudonsa futhi ingadlulisela idatha eyengeziwe ngesikhathi esifanayo.
Isilinganiso se-Spectral
Isilinganiso sokuhlukanisa siyinkomba ebalulekile yokulinganisa umthamo wokukhava wobuchwepheshe bokufinyelela be-fiber optic kanye nenani labasebenzisi abathwalwayo. Isho ingxenye yamayunithi enethiwekhi optical (ONUs) itheminali yomugqa obonakalayo (OLT) engaxhumeka kuyo.
Isilinganiso sokuhlukanisa se-EPON ngokuvamile singu-1:32, futhi ngokulungiselelwa okukhethekile, singafinyelela ku-1:64. Lokhu kusho ukuthi kunethiwekhi ye-EPON, idivayisi eyodwa ye-OLT ingaxhuma kufika ku-32, futhi ezimeni ezibucayi, amatheminali abasebenzisi angu-64 ONU. Isibonelo, ekwakhiweni kokufinyelela kwe-fiber optic endaweni yokuhlala, uma ubuchwepheshe be-EPON busetshenziswa futhi isilinganiso sokuhlukanisa singu-1:32, khona-ke idivayisi eyodwa ye-OLT ingahlinzeka kuphela ngezinsizakalo zokufinyelela kwenethiwekhi kumakhaya amaningi angu-32.
I-GPON inenzuzo enkulu ngokwesilinganiso sokuhlukanisa, ngesilinganiso sokuhlukanisa esifinyelela ku-1:64, futhi ngisho nakwezinye izindawo zenethiwekhi eziklanywe ngokucophelela nezilungiselelwe kahle, ingakwazi ukufeza isilinganiso sokuhlukanisa esingu-1:128. Isilinganiso esikhulu sokuhlukanisa senza i-GPON yenze kangcono ngokuya ngebanga lokukhava kanye nenani labasebenzisi abaxhunyiwe. Ukuthatha izindawo zasemaphandleni njengesibonelo, ngenxa yendawo yabo enkulu kanye nokusatshalaliswa komsebenzisi okuhlakazekile, uma ubuchwepheshe be-GPON kwamukelwa, kusetshenziswa izici zayo eziphakeme ze-optical ratio, idivayisi eyodwa ye-OLT ingahlinzeka ngezinsizakalo kubasebenzisi abaningi, ukunciphisa kakhulu izindleko zokutshala izimali zemishini futhi iphinde inciphise ubunzima bokwakhiwa kwenethiwekhi nokugcinwa.
Izindleko zezisetshenziswa nokuhambisana
Amadivayisi e-EPON anezinzuzo ezithile zezindleko ngenxa yokuthembela kwawo kubuchwepheshe be-Ethernet obuvuthiwe. Izindleko zayo zemishini ziphansi, ezikhanga kakhulu kumaphrojekthi wokwakha inethiwekhi anesabelomali esilinganiselwe kanye nokuzwela ezindlekweni. Isibonelo, ekwakhiweni kwenethiwekhi yamanye amabhizinisi amancane noma amaphrojekthi wokuvuselela inethiwekhi yezindawo zokuhlala ezindala, ngenxa yezimali ezilinganiselwe, inzuzo ephansi yezindleko ze-EPON ingabonakala ngokugcwele. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ngenxa yokuhambisana okuhle kakhulu phakathi kwe-EPON ne-Ethernet, amadivaysi e-EPON angakwazi ukuhlanganisa kalula nemishini yenethiwekhi ekhona endaweni lapho i-Ethernet isetshenziswa khona kakhulu, ngaphandle kwesidingo sokushintshwa kwemishini emikhulu, okuqhubeka nokunciphisa izindleko zokuthuthukiswa kwenethiwekhi.
Amadivayisi e-GPON, ngenxa yobuchwepheshe bawo obuyinkimbinkimbi, anezindleko eziphezulu zocwaningo nezokukhiqiza zezingxenye eziyinhloko ezifana nama-chips, okuholela ezindlekweni eziphakeme kakhulu zemishini. Kodwa-ke, amadivaysi e-GPON, ngokusebenza kwawo okunamandla namandla okusekela amabhizinisi acebile, abonise inani eliyingqayizivele kwezinye izimo ezidinga ukusebenza kwenethiwekhi okuphezulu kakhulu kanye nokuhlukahluka kwebhizinisi. Isibonelo, ezinkambisweni ezinkulu zezentengiselwano, kuyadingeka ngesikhathi esisodwa ukuhlangabezana nezidingo zokufinyelela kwenethiwekhi yesivinini esikhulu senani elikhulu labathengisi, ukuhlinzeka ngezinsizakalo zenethiwekhi ezingenazintambo ezizinzile kumakhasimende, nokufeza imisebenzi ehlukahlukene yebhizinisi njengokuphatha izakhiwo ezihlakaniphile. Amadivayisi e-GPON anganikeza ukwesekwa okuthembekile kwalezi zidingo zebhizinisi eziyinkimbinkimbi ngokusebenza kwazo okuhle kakhulu nokuvumelana nezimo.
Isikhathi sokuthumela: Apr-17-2025