1. Ukuhlukaniswa kwezinhloboFi-iberAama-mplifiers
Kunezinhlobo ezintathu eziyinhloko zama-amplifiers optical:
(1) I-Semiconductor Optical Amplifier (i-SOA, i-Semiconductor Optical Amplifier);
(2) Ama-amplifiers e-optical fiber afakwe izakhi zomhlaba ezingavamile (i-erbium Er, i-thulium Tm, i-praseodymium Pr, i-rubidium Nd, njll.), ikakhulukazi ama-amplifiers e-fiber afakwe i-erbium (I-EDFA), kanye nama-amplifiers e-fiber afakwe i-thulium (TDFA) kanye nama-amplifiers e-fiber afakwe i-praseodymium (PDFA), njll.
(3) Ama-amplifiers e-fiber angewona umugqa, ikakhulukazi ama-amplifiers e-fiber Raman (FRA, Fiber Raman Amplifier). Ukuqhathaniswa kokusebenza okuyinhloko kwala ma-amplifiers optical kuboniswe kuthebula.
I-EDFA (I-Erbium Doped Fiber Amplifier)
Uhlelo lwe-laser olunezinga eziningi lungakhiwa ngokufaka i-quartz fiber ngezinto ezingavamile zomhlaba (njenge-Nd, Er, Pr, Tm, njll.), bese ukukhanya kwesignali yokufaka kwandiswa ngqo ngaphansi kwesenzo sokukhanya kwephampu. Ngemva kokunikeza impendulo efanele, kwakheka i-fiber laser. Ubude besikhathi obusebenzayo be-Nd-doped fiber amplifier bungu-1060nm no-1330nm, futhi ukuthuthukiswa nokusetshenziswa kwayo kunqunyelwe ngenxa yokuphambuka echwebeni lokusinki elihle kakhulu lokuxhumana kwe-fiber optic nezinye izizathu. Ubude besikhathi obusebenzayo be-EDFA ne-PDFA busefasiteleni lokulahleka okuphansi kakhulu (1550nm) kanye nobude besikhathi be-zero dispersion (1300nm) bokuxhumana kwe-optical fiber, kanti i-TDFA isebenza ku-S-band, efaneleka kakhulu ezinhlelweni zohlelo lokuxhumana kwe-optical fiber. Ikakhulukazi i-EDFA, intuthuko esheshayo kakhulu, ibilokhu isebenza.
IPubuciko be-EDFA
Isakhiwo esiyisisekelo se-EDFA siboniswe kuMfanekiso 1(a), esakhiwe kakhulu nge-medium esebenzayo (i-fibre ye-silica efakwe i-erbium cishe amashumi amamitha ubude, enobubanzi obuyi-core obungu-3-5 microns kanye nokuhlushwa kwe-doping okungu-(25-1000)x10-6), umthombo wokukhanya kwephampu (990 noma 1480nm LD), i-optical coupler kanye ne-optical isolator. Ukukhanya kwesignali kanye nokukhanya kwephampu kungasakazeka ohlangothini olufanayo (codirectional pumping), izinkomba eziphambene (reverse pumping) noma zombili izinkomba (bidirectional pumping) ku-erbium fiber. Lapho ukukhanya kwesignali kanye nokukhanya kwephampu kufakwa ku-erbium fiber ngesikhathi esifanayo, ama-ion e-erbium avuselelwa ezingeni eliphezulu lamandla ngaphansi kwesenzo sokukhanya kwephampu (Isithombe 1 (b), uhlelo olunezinga ezintathu), futhi asheshe abole aye ezingeni lamandla elizinzile, lapho ebuyela esimweni somhlaba ngaphansi kwesenzo sokukhanya kwesignali yesigameko, akhipha ama-photon ahambisana nokukhanya kwesignali, ukuze isignali ikhuliswe. Isibalo 1 (c) yi-spectrum yayo ye-amplified spontaneous emission (ASE) ene-bandwidth enkulu (kufika ku-20-40nm) kanye neziqongo ezimbili ezihambisana ne-1530nm kanye ne-1550nm ngokulandelana.
Izinzuzo eziyinhloko ze-EDFA ukukhuphula okuphezulu, i-bandwidth enkulu, amandla aphezulu okukhipha, ukusebenza kahle kwephampu ephezulu, ukulahlekelwa okuphansi kokufakwa, kanye nokungazweli esimweni se-polarization.
2. Izinkinga ngama-Fiber Optical Amplifier
Nakuba i-optical amplifier (ikakhulukazi i-EDFA) inezinzuzo eziningi ezivelele, akuyona i-amplifier efanelekile. Ngaphezu komsindo owengeziwe onciphisa i-SNR yesiginali, kunezinye izinkinga, ezifana nalezi:
- Ukungalingani kwe-gain spectrum ngaphakathi komkhawulokudonsa we-amplifier kuthinta ukusebenza kokukhulisa iziteshi eziningi;
- Uma ama-amplifiers optical ekhishwa, imiphumela yomsindo we-ASE, ukusabalala kwefayibha kanye nemiphumela engeyona eye-linear izoqongelela.
Lezi zinkinga kumele zicatshangelwe ekusetshenzisweni nasekuklanyweni kohlelo.
3. Ukusetshenziswa kwe-Optical Amplifier ku-Optical Fiber Communication System
Kuhlelo lokuxhumana nge-optical fiber,I-Fiber Optical Amplifieringasetshenziswa hhayi nje kuphela njenge-amplifier yokukhulisa amandla yesidluliseli ukwandisa amandla okudlulisa, kodwa futhi njenge-preamplifier yesitholi ukuthuthukisa ukuzwela okwamukelayo, futhi ingasetshenziswa futhi esikhundleni sesiphindaphindo sendabuko se-optical-electric-optical, ukwandisa ibanga lokudlulisa nokufeza ukuxhumana kwe-all-optical.
Ezinhlelweni zokuxhumana nge-optical fiber, izici eziyinhloko ezikhawulela ibanga lokudlulisela ukulahleka nokusabalala kwe-optical fiber. Ukusebenzisa umthombo wokukhanya we-spectrum encane, noma ukusebenza eduze nobude be-zero-dispersion, ithonya lokusabalala kwe-fiber lincane. Lolu hlelo aludingi ukwenza ukuvuselelwa kwesikhathi sesignali okuphelele (i-3R relay) esiteshini ngasinye se-relay. Kwanele ukukhulisa ngqo isignali ye-optical nge-optical amplifier (i-1R relay). Ama-optical amplifier angasetshenziswa hhayi kuphela ezinhlelweni ze-trunk ezikude kodwa futhi nakumanethiwekhi okusabalalisa i-optical fiber, ikakhulukazi ezinhlelweni ze-WDM, ukukhulisa iziteshi eziningi ngasikhathi sinye.
1) Ukusetshenziswa kwama-Amplifiers e-Optical ku-Trunk Optical Fiber Communication Systems
Isithombe 2 siwumdwebo ochaza ukusetshenziswa kwe-optical amplifier ohlelweni lokuxhumana lwe-trunk optical fiber. (a) isithombe sibonisa ukuthi i-optical amplifier isetshenziswa njenge-power boost amplifier ye-transmitter kanye ne-preamplifier ye-receiver ukuze ibanga elingadluliseli liphindwe kabili. Isibonelo, uma kusetshenziswa i-EDFA, i-system transmission Ibanga elingu-1.8Gb/s liyanda kusuka ku-120km kuya ku-250km noma lifinyelela ngisho naku-400km. Isibalo 2 (b)-(d) ukusetshenziswa kwama-amplifiers optical ezinhlelweni ze-multi-relay; Isibalo (b) imodi yendabuko ye-3R relay; Isibalo (c) imodi ye-relay exubile yama-repeater e-3R nama-amplifiers optical; Isibalo 2 (d) Imodi ye-relay e-all-optical; ohlelweni lokuxhumana lwe-all-optical, alufaki amasekethe esikhathi kanye nokuvuselelwa, ngakho-ke lubonakala kancane, futhi akukho mkhawulo "webhodlela le-elekthronikhi". Uma nje imishini yokuthumela nokwamukela kuzo zombili izinhlangothi ishintshwa, Kulula ukuthuthukisa kusuka esilinganisweni esiphansi kuya esilinganisweni esiphezulu, futhi i-amplifier optical ayidingi ukushintshwa.
2) Ukusetshenziswa kwe-Optical Amplifier ku-Optical Fiber Distribution Network
Izinzuzo zokukhipha amandla aphezulu kwama-optical amplifiers (ikakhulukazi i-EDFA) ziwusizo kakhulu kumanethiwekhi okusabalalisa i-broadband (njenge-I-CATVAmanethiwekhi). Inethiwekhi yendabuko ye-CATV isebenzisa ikhebula le-coaxial, elidinga ukukhuliswa njalo ngamamitha angamakhulu amaningana, kanti ububanzi benethiwekhi bungamakhilomitha angaba ngu-7. Inethiwekhi ye-CATV yefayibha ye-optical esebenzisa ama-amplifier optical ayikwazi nje ukwandisa kakhulu inani labasebenzisi abasatshalaliswe, kodwa futhi yandisa kakhulu indlela yenethiwekhi. Intuthuko yakamuva ikhombisile ukuthi ukusatshalaliswa kwefayibha/i-hybrid ye-optical (HFC) kudonsa amandla akho kokubili futhi kunokuncintisana okunamandla.
Isibalo 4 siyisibonelo senethiwekhi yokusatshalaliswa kwe-optical fiber yokuguqulwa kweziteshi ze-TV ezingu-35 ze-AM-VSB. Umthombo wokukhanya wesithumeli yi-DFB-LD enobude be-wavelength obungu-1550nm kanye namandla okukhipha angu-3.3dBm. Sisebenzisa i-EDFA enamazinga amane njenge-amplifier yokusabalalisa amandla, amandla ayo okufaka angaba ngu--6dBm, kanti amandla ayo okukhipha angaba ngu-13dBm. Ukuzwela kwe-Optical receiver -9.2d Bm. Ngemva kwamazinga amane okusabalalisa, inani eliphelele labasebenzisi selifinyelele ku-4.2 million, futhi indlela yenethiwekhi ingaphezu kwamakhilomitha angamashumi. Isilinganiso sesignali-kuya-kumsindo esilinganisiwe sokuhlolwa sasingaphezu kuka-45dB, futhi i-EDFA ayizange ibangele ukwehla kwe-CSO.
Isikhathi sokuthunyelwe: Ephreli-23-2023