Kusukela i-IPTV yangena emakethe ngo-1999, izinga lokukhula liye lakhula kancane kancane. Kulindeleke ukuthi abasebenzisi be-IPTV emhlabeni wonke bafinyelele ngaphezu kwezigidi ezingama-26 ngo-2008, futhi izinga lokukhula elihlanganisiwe lonyaka labasebenzisi be-IPTV eShayina kusukela ngo-2003 kuya ku-2008 lizofinyelela ku-245%.
Ngokocwaningo, ikhilomitha lokugcinaIPTVukufinyelela kuvame ukusetshenziswa kumodi yokufinyelela ikhebula le-DSL, ngomkhawulokudonsa nokuzinza nezinye izici, i-IPTV emqhudelwaneni ne-TV evamile isesimweni esingesihle, futhi imodi yokufinyelela ikhebula yokwakhiwa kwezindleko iphakeme, umjikelezo mude, futhi nzima. Ngakho-ke, indlela yokuxazulula inkinga yokufinyelela kwemayela lokugcina le-IPTV ibaluleke kakhulu.
I-WiMAX (WorldwideInteroper-abilityforMicrowave Access) iwubuchwepheshe bokufinyelela okungenantambo kwe-broadband obusekelwe ochungechungeni lwe-IEEE802.16 yezivumelwano, kancane kancane esebe isizinda esisha sokuthuthukiswa kobuchwepheshe obungenawaya be-metro. Ingangena esikhundleni se-DSL ekhona kanye noxhumo olunezintambo ukuze inikeze amafomu angaguquki, eselula oxhumo olungenantambo lwe-broadband. Ngenxa yezindleko zayo eziphansi zokwakha, ukusebenza okuphezulu kobuchwepheshe nokuthembeka okuphezulu, kuzoba ubuchwepheshe obungcono bokuxazulula inkinga yokufinyelela kwemayela lokugcina le-IPTV.
2, isimo samanje sobuchwepheshe bokufinyelela be-IPTV
Njengamanje, ubuchwepheshe bokufinyelela obuvame ukusetshenziswa ukuhlinzeka ngezinsizakalo ze-IPTV buhlanganisa i-DSL enesivinini esikhulu, i-FTTB, i-FTTH nobunye ubuchwepheshe bokufinyelela ngezintambo. Ngenxa yokutshalwa kwezimali okuphansi ekusebenziseni uhlelo olukhona lwe-DSL ukusekela izinsizakalo ze-IPTV, i-3/4 yabaqhubi bezingcingo e-Asia basebenzisa amabhokisi abekwe phezulu ukuze baguqule amasiginali e-DSL abe amasiginali we-TV ukuze banikeze izinsizakalo ze-IPTV.
Okuqukethwe okubaluleke kakhulu komphathi we-IPTV kufaka phakathi izinhlelo ze-VOD ne-TV. Ukuze kuqinisekiswe ukuthi ikhwalithi yokubuka ye-IPTV iyaqhathaniswa nenethiwekhi yekhebula yamanje, inethiwekhi yabathwali be-IPTV iyadingeka ukunikeza iziqinisekiso kumkhawulokudonsa, ukubambezeleka kokushintshwa kwesiteshi, i-QoS yenethiwekhi, njll., futhi lezi zici zobuchwepheshe be-DSL azikwazi. ukuhlangabezana nezidingo ze-IPTV, futhi ukusekelwa kwe-DSL kokusakaza okuningi kunqunyelwe. Amarotha ephrothokholi e-IPv4, awasekeli ukusakaza okuningi. Nakuba ngokwethiyori sisekhona isikhala sokuthuthukisa ubuchwepheshe be-DSL, zimbalwa izinguquko zekhwalithi kumkhawulokudonsa.
3, izici zobuchwepheshe be-WiMAX
I-WiMAX iwubuchwepheshe bokufinyelela okungenantambo kwe-broadband obusekelwe kuzinga le-IEEE802.16, okuyindinganiso yokusebenzelana komoya entsha ehlongozwayo yamabhendi egagasi e-microwave namamilimitha. Ingakwazi ukuhlinzeka ngezinga lokudlulisela elifinyelela ku-75Mbit/s, ukukhava kwesiteshi esisodwa esifinyelela ku-50km. I-WiMAX yakhelwe ama-LAN angenawaya futhi ukuxazulula inkinga yemayela lokugcina lokufinyelela kwe-broadband, isetshenziselwa ukuxhuma "ama-hotspots" e-Wi-Fi ku-inthanethi, kodwa futhi nokuxhuma imvelo yenkampani noma ikhaya kumugqa we-backbone line. , engasetshenziswa njengekhebula kanye nomugqa we-DTH, futhi ingasetshenziswa njengekhebula kanye nomugqa we-DTH. Ingasetshenziswa futhi ukuxhuma izindawo ezifana nebhizinisi noma ikhaya kumgogodla onezintambo, futhi ingasetshenziswa njengesandiso esingenantambo kukhebula kanye ne-DSL ukuze kunikwe amandla ukufinyelela kwe-broadband engenantambo.
4, I-WiMAX ibona ukufinyelela okungenantambo kwe-IPTV
(1) Izimfuneko ze-IPTV kunethiwekhi yokufinyelela
Isici esiyinhloko sesevisi ye-IPTV ukusebenzisana kwayo nesikhathi sangempela. Ngesevisi ye-IPTV, abasebenzisi bangajabulela izinsizakalo zemidiya yedijithali ezisezingeni eliphezulu (eduze nezinga le-DVD), futhi bangakhetha ngokukhululekile izinhlelo zevidiyo kumanethiwekhi e-Broadband IP, beqaphela ukuxhumana okukhulu phakathi kwabahlinzeki bemidiya nabathengi bemidiya.
Ukuze kuqinisekiswe ukuthi ikhwalithi yokubuka ye-IPTV iqhathaniswa nenethiwekhi yamanje yekhebula, inethiwekhi yokufinyelela ye-IPTV iyadingeka ukuze ikwazi ukunikeza iziqinisekiso mayelana nomkhawulokudonsa, ukubambezeleka kokushintshwa kwesiteshi, i-QoS yenethiwekhi, njalonjalo. Ngokuya komkhawulokudonsa wokufinyelela komsebenzisi, ukusetshenziswa kobuchwepheshe bokufaka amakhodi obukhona obusetshenziswa kabanzi, abasebenzisi badinga okungenani umkhawulokudonsa wokufinyelela we-3 ~ 4Mbit / s we-downlink, uma ukuhanjiswa kwevidiyo yekhwalithi ephezulu, umkhawulokudonsa odingekayo nawo uphakeme; ekubambezelekeni kokushintsha kwesiteshi, ukuze kuqinisekiswe ukuthi abasebenzisi be-IPTV bashintsha phakathi kwamashaneli ahlukene kanye ne-TV evamile ukushintsha ukusebenza okufanayo, ukuthunyelwa okusabalele kwezinsizakalo ze-IPTV kudinga okungenani okokusebenza komugqa wokuphindaphinda kwe-Digital Subscriber access (DSLAM) ukuze kusekelwe ubuchwepheshe be-IP multicast; ngokwe-QoS yenethiwekhi, ukuvimbela ukulahleka kwephakethe, i-jitter kanye nomunye umthelela kukhwalithi yokubuka kwe-IPTV.
(2) Ukuqhathaniswa kwendlela yokufinyelela ye-WiMAX ne-DSL, i-Wi-Fi kanye nendlela yokufinyelela ye-FTTx
I-DSL, ngenxa yezingqinamba zayo zobuchwepheshe, kusenezinkinga eziningi ngokwebanga, izinga kanye nezinga eliphumayo. Uma iqhathaniswa ne-DSL, i-WiMAX ngokwethiyori ingamboza indawo enkulu, inikeze amanani edatha asheshayo, ibe nokukaleka okukhulu neziqinisekiso eziphezulu ze-QoS.
Uma iqhathaniswa ne-Wi-Fi, i-WiMAX inezinzuzo zobuchwepheshe zokufakwa okubanzi, ukujwayela kwebhendi okubanzi, ukukala okuqinile, i-QoS ephakeme nokuphepha, njll. I-Wi-Fi isekelwe ezingeni le-Wireless Local Area Network (WLAN), futhi isetshenziselwa kakhulu ukufinyelela kwe-inthanethi/I-intranethi esabalaliswe eduze endlini, emahhovisi, noma ezindaweni ezishisayo; I-WiMAX isekelwe ku-Wireless WiMAX isekelwe kunethiwekhi ye-wireless metropolitan area (WMAN), esetshenziselwa kakhulu isevisi yokufinyelela idatha enesivinini esiphezulu ngaphansi kweselula engaguquki nenesivinini esiphansi.
I-FTTB+LAN, njengendlela yokufinyelela ye-broadband enesivinini esiphezulu, iyasebenzaIPTVisevisi ngaphandle kwenkinga enkulu ngokobuchwepheshe, kodwa inqunyelwe inkinga yezintambo ezihlanganisiwe esakhiweni, izindleko zokufakwa kanye nebanga lokudlulisela elibangelwa ikhebula elisontekile. Izici ezikahle zokudlulisa amehlo ze-WiMAX ezingezona zomugqa wokubona, ukuthunyelwa okuguquguqukayo kanye nokukalwa kokumisa, ikhwalithi yesevisi ye-QoS enhle kakhulu nokuphepha okuqinile konke kuyenza ibe indlela yokufinyelela ekahle ye-IPTV.
(3) Izinzuzo ze-WiMAX ekuboneni ukufinyelela okungenantambo ku-IPTV
Ngokuqhathanisa i-WiMAX ne-DSL, i-Wi-Fi ne-FTTx, kungabonakala ukuthi i-WiMAX iyisinqumo esingcono ekuboneni ukufinyelela kwe-IPTV. Kusukela ngo-May 2006, inani lamalungu e-WiMAX Forum likhule lafika ku-356, futhi abangaphezu kuka-120 opharetha emhlabeni wonke bajoyine inhlangano. I-WiMAX izoba ubuchwepheshe obufanele bokuxazulula imayela lokugcina le-IPTV. I-WiMAX izophinde ibe enye indlela engcono ye-DSL ne-Wi-Fi.
(4) Ukufezekiswa kwe-WiMAX kokufinyelela kwe-IPTV
I-IEEE802.16-2004 indinganiso iqondiswe ikakhulukazi kumatheminali angaguquki, ibanga eliphezulu lokudlulisela liyi-7~10km, futhi ibhande layo lokuxhumana lingaphansi kuka-11GHz, lamukela indlela yokuzikhethela yesiteshi, futhi umkhawulokudonsa wesiteshi ngasinye uphakathi kuka-1.25~20MHz. Uma umkhawulokudonsa ungama-20 MHz, izinga eliphezulu le-IEEE 802.16a lingafinyelela ku-75 Mbit/s, ngokuvamile libe ngu-40 Mbit/s; lapho umkhawulokudonsa ungu-10 MHz, unganikeza isilinganiso sokudluliswa kwesilinganiso esingu-20 Mbit/s.
Amanethiwekhi e-WiMAX asekela amamodeli ebhizinisi anemibala. Izinsizakalo zedatha zamazinga ahlukene ziyizinjongo eziyinhloko zenethiwekhi.I-WiMAX isekela amazinga ahlukene we-QoS, ngakho ukumbozwa kwenethiwekhi kuhlobene eduze nohlobo lwesevisi. Mayelana nokufinyelela kwe-IPTV. ngoba i-IPTV idinga ukuqinisekiswa kwe-QoS okusezingeni eliphezulu kanye namazinga okudlulisa idatha ngesivinini esikhulu. ngakho-ke inethiwekhi ye-WiMAX isethwe ngokunengqondo ngokwenani labasebenzisi endaweni kanye nezidingo zabo. Lapho abasebenzisi befinyelela inethiwekhi ye-IPTV. Asikho isidingo sokwenza izintambo futhi, udinga kuphela ukwengeza okokusebenza kokwamukela kwe-WiMAX kanye nebhokisi le-IP set-top, ukuze abasebenzisi bakwazi ukusebenzisa isevisi ye-IPTV kalula nangokushesha.
Njengamanje, i-IPTV iyibhizinisi elikhulayo elinamandla amakhulu emakethe, futhi ukuthuthukiswa kwalo kuseyinsakavukela. Inkambiso yentuthuko yayo yesikhathi esizayo wukuqhubeka nokuhlanganisa izinsizakalo ze-IPTV namatheminali, futhi i-TV izoba itheminali yasekhaya yedijithali ebanzi enokuxhumana nemisebenzi ye-inthanethi. Kodwa i-IPTV ukuze kuzuzwe impumelelo ngomqondo weqiniso, hhayi kuphela ukuxazulula inkinga yokuqukethwe, kodwa futhi ukuxazulula ibhodlela ikhilomitha lokugcina.
Isikhathi sokuthumela: Dec-05-2024