I-EPON (Ethernet Passive Optical Network)
I-Ethernet passive optical network iwubuchwepheshe be-PON obusekelwe ku-Ethernet. Yamukela iphuzu esakhiweni se-multipoint kanye nokudluliswa kwe-fiber optic ye-passive, ihlinzeka ngezinsizakalo eziningi nge-Ethernet. Ubuchwepheshe be-EPON bulinganiswa yiqembu elisebenzayo le-IEEE802.3 EFM. NgoJuni 2004, iqembu elisebenzayo le-IEEE802.3EFM lakhulula indinganiso ye-EPON - IEEE802.3ah (ehlanganiswe nezinga le-IEEE802.3-2005 ngo-2005).
Kuleli zinga, ubuchwepheshe be-Ethernet kanye ne-PON buyahlanganiswa, nobuchwepheshe be-PON obusetshenziswa kungqimba olubonakalayo kanye nephrothokholi ye-Ethernet esetshenziswa kusendlalelo sokuxhumanisa idatha, kusetshenziswa i-topology ye-PON ukuze kuzuzwe ukufinyelela kwe-Ethernet. Ngakho-ke, ihlanganisa izinzuzo zobuchwepheshe be-PON nobuchwepheshe be-Ethernet: izindleko eziphansi, umkhawulokudonsa ophezulu, ukuqina okuqinile, ukuhambisana ne-Ethernet ekhona, ukuphathwa okulula, njll.
I-GPON(Gigabit-Capable PON)
Ubuchwepheshe isizukulwane sakamuva se-broadband passive optical integrated access standard based on ITU-TG.984. x izinga, elinezinzuzo eziningi ezifana nomkhawulokudonsa ophezulu, ukusebenza kahle okuphezulu, indawo enkulu yokuhlanganisa, kanye nezindawo zokusebenzelana ezicebile zabasebenzisi. Kuthathwa abaningi opharetha njengobuchwepheshe obufanele bokuzuza i-broadband kanye noguquko oluphelele lwezinsiza zenethiwekhi. I-GPON yahlongozwa okokuqala yinhlangano ye-FSAN ngo-September 2002. Ngokusekelwe kulokhu, i-ITU-T yaqeda ukuthuthukiswa kwe-ITU-T G.984.1 kanye ne-G.984.2 ngo-March 2003, futhi yalinganisa i-G.984.3 ngoFebhuwari nangoJuni 2004. Ngakho, umndeni ojwayelekile we-GPON wagcina wakhiwe.
Ubuchwepheshe be-GPON basuka kuzinga lobuchwepheshe be-ATMPON elakheka kancane kancane ngo-1995, kanti i-PON imele "Inethiwekhi ye-Passive Optical" ngesiNgisi. I-GPON (Gigabit Capable Passive Optical Network) yaqala ukuphakanyiswa yinhlangano ye-FSAN ngo-September 2002. Ngokusekelwe kulokhu, i-ITU-T yaqeda ukuthuthukiswa kwe-ITU-T G.984.1 kanye ne-G.984.2 ngo-March 2003, futhi yalinganisa i-G.984.3 ngo- February noJune 2004. Ngakho, umndeni ojwayelekile we-GPON wagcina usungulwe. Isakhiwo esiyisisekelo samadivayisi asekelwe kubuchwepheshe be-GPON sifana ne-PON ekhona, ehlanganisa i-OLT (Optical Line Terminal) ehhovisi eliphakathi, i-ONT/ONU (Optical Network Terminal noma i-Optical Network Unit) ekugcineni komsebenzisi, i-ODN (Optical Distribution Network ) eyakhiwe i-fiber yemodi eyodwa (i-SM fiber) kanye ne-passive splitter, kanye nohlelo lokuphatha inethiwekhi oluxhumanisa amadivaysi amabili okuqala.
Umehluko phakathi kwe-EPON ne-GPON
I-GPON isebenzisa ubuchwepheshe be-wavelength division multiplexing (WDM) ukuze ikwazi ukulayisha kanye nokulanda ngesikhathi esisodwa. Ngokuvamile, inkampani yenethiwekhi ye-optical engu-1490nm isetshenziselwa ukudawuniloda, kuyilapho inkampani yenethiwekhi engu-1310nm ikhethwa ukuze ilayishwe. Uma amasignali e-TV edinga ukudluliselwa, inkampani yenethiwekhi ye-optical engu-1550nm nayo izosetshenziswa. Nakuba i-ONU ngayinye ingakwazi ukuzuza isivinini sokulanda esingu-2.488 Gbits/s, i-GPON iphinde isebenzisa I-Time Division Multiple Access (TDMA) ukuze yabele isikhathi esithile somsebenzisi ngamunye kusiginali yezikhathi ezithile.
Izinga lokulayisha eliphezulu le-XGPON lifika ku-10Gbits/s, futhi izinga lokulayisha liphinde libe ngu-2.5Gbit/s. Iphinde isebenzisa ubuchwepheshe be-WDM, futhi ubude begagasi bezinkampani ze-optical ezikhuphuka nomfula ziyi-1270nm ne-1577nm, ngokulandelanayo.
Ngenxa yokwenyuka kwezinga lokudlulisa, ama-ONU amaningi angahlukaniswa ngokuya ngefomethi yedatha efanayo, ngebanga elifinyelela ku-20km. Nakuba i-XGPON ingakamukelwa kabanzi okwamanje, inikeza indlela enhle yokuthuthukisa opharetha bezokuxhumana okubonakalayo.
I-EPON isebenzisana ngokugcwele namanye amazinga e-Ethernet, ngakho-ke asikho isidingo sokuguqulwa noma ukuhlanganisa uma kuxhunywe kumanethiwekhi asekelwe ku-Ethernet, enomthwalo okhokhelwa kakhulu ongu-1518 bytes. I-EPON ayidingi indlela yokufinyelela ye-CSMA/CD kuzinguqulo ezithile ze-Ethernet. Ukwengeza, njengoba ukudluliswa kwe-Ethernet kuyindlela eyinhloko yokudlulisa inethiwekhi yendawo, asikho isidingo sokuguqulwa kwephrothokholi yenethiwekhi ngesikhathi sokuthuthukiswa kwenethiwekhi yendawo yedolobha elikhulu.
Kukhona futhi inguqulo ye-Ethernet engu-10 Gbit/s eqokwe njenge-802.3av. Ijubane langempela lomugqa ngu-10.3125 Gbits/s. Imodi eyinhloko iwu-10 Gbits/s izinga lokuxhumanisa phezulu nelokwehlisa, abanye basebenzisa i-downlink engu-10 Gbits/s kanye ne-1 Gbit/s uplink.
Inguqulo ye-Gbit/s isebenzisa ubude beza beza obuhlukile bokubona kufiber, enobude bezansi bomfula obungu-1575-1580nm kanye ne-wavelength ekhuphukayo engu-1260-1280nm. Ngakho-ke, isistimu engu-10 Gbit/s kanye nesistimu evamile ye-1Gbit/s ingaba ubude begagasi obuphindaphindwe ku-fiber efanayo.
Ukuhlanganiswa kokudlala kathathu
Ukuhlangana kwamanethiwekhi amathathu kusho ukuthi ohlelweni lokuziphendukela kwemvelo kusuka kunethiwekhi yezokuxhumana, inethiwekhi yomsakazo nethelevishini, kanye ne-inthanethi kuya kunethiwekhi yokuxhumana ye-broadband, inethiwekhi kamabonakude wedijithali, kanye ne-inthanethi yesizukulwane esilandelayo, amanethiwekhi amathathu, ngokuguqulwa kwezobuchwepheshe, avame ukuba imisebenzi efanayo yobuchwepheshe, ububanzi bebhizinisi elifanayo, ukuxhumana kwenethiwekhi, ukwabelana ngezinsiza, futhi kungahlinzeka abasebenzisi ngezwi, idatha, umsakazo kanye nomabonakude nezinye izinsiza. Ukuhlanganiswa kukathathu akusho ukuhlanganiswa ngokomzimba kwamanethiwekhi amakhulu amathathu, kodwa ikakhulukazi kubhekisela ekuhlanganisweni kwezicelo zebhizinisi ezisezingeni eliphezulu.
Ukuhlanganiswa kwamanethiwekhi amathathu kusetshenziswa kakhulu emikhakheni ehlukahlukene efana nezokuthutha ezihlakaniphile, ukuvikelwa kwemvelo, umsebenzi kahulumeni, ukuphepha komphakathi, namakhaya aphephile. Ngokuzayo, omakhalekhukhwini bangabuka i-TV futhi bahlole i-inthanethi, i-TV ingakwazi ukushaya izingcingo futhi ihlole i-inthanethi, namakhompyutha nawo angakwazi ukushaya izingcingo futhi abukele i-TV.
Ukuhlanganiswa kwamanethiwekhi amathathu kungahlaziywa ngokomqondo ngokwemibono namazinga ahlukene, okubandakanya ukuhlanganiswa kobuchwepheshe, ukuhlanganiswa kwebhizinisi, ukuhlanganiswa kwezimboni, ukuhlanganiswa kwetheminali, nokuhlanganiswa kwenethiwekhi.
Ubuchwepheshe be-Broadband
Umzimba oyinhloko wobuchwepheshe be-broadband ubuchwepheshe bokuxhumana be-fiber optic. Enye yezinjongo zokuhlangana kwenethiwekhi ukuhlinzeka ngamasevisi ahlanganisiwe ngenethiwekhi. Ukuhlinzeka ngezinsizakalo ezihlangene, kuyadingeka ukuba nenkundla yenethiwekhi engakwazi ukusekela ukudluliswa kwezinsiza ezihlukahlukene ze-multimedia (imidiya yokusakaza) ezifana nomsindo nevidiyo.
Izici zalawa mabhizinisi isidingo esikhulu sebhizinisi, umthamo omkhulu wedatha, nezidingo zekhwalithi yesevisi ephezulu, ngakho-ke ngokuvamile adinga umkhawulokudonsa omkhulu kakhulu ngesikhathi sokudlulisa. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ngokombono wezomnotho, izindleko akufanele zibe phezulu kakhulu. Ngale ndlela, ubuchwepheshe bokuxhumana obusezingeni eliphezulu kanye ne-fiber optic esimeme buye baba yisinqumo esingcono kakhulu semidiya yokudlulisa. Ukuthuthukiswa kobuchwepheshe be-broadband, ikakhulukazi ubuchwepheshe bezokuxhumana obubonakalayo, buhlinzeka ngomkhawulokudonsa odingekayo, ikhwalithi yokudlulisela, kanye nezindleko eziphansi zokudlulisa ulwazi oluhlukahlukene lwebhizinisi.
Njengobuchwepheshe obuyinsika emkhakheni wezokuxhumana wesimanje, ubuchwepheshe bokuxhumana obubonakalayo buthuthuka ngenani lokukhula ngokuphindwe izikhathi eziyi-100 njalo eminyakeni eyi-10. Ukudluliswa kwe-Fiber optic enamandla amakhulu kuyinkundla yokudlulisela efanelekile "yamanethiwekhi amathathu" kanye nenkampani ephethe ngokomzimba yomgwaqo omkhulu wolwazi wesikhathi esizayo. Ubuchwepheshe bokuxhumana be-fiber optic obunamandla amakhulu busetshenziswe kabanzi kumanethiwekhi ezokuxhumana, amanethiwekhi amakhompyutha, kanye namanethiwekhi okusakaza kanye nomabonakude.
Isikhathi sokuthumela: Dec-12-2024