Uma kukhulunywa ngemishini eseceleni komsebenzisi ekufinyeleleni i-broadband fiber, sivame ukubona amagama esiNgisi afana ne-ONU, i-ONT, i-SFU, kanye ne-HGU. Asho ukuthini la magama? Uyini umehluko?
1. Ama-ONU nama-ONT
Izinhlobo eziyinhloko zohlelo lokusebenza lokufinyelela i-broadband optical fiber zifaka: i-FTTH, i-FTTO, ne-FTTB, kanti izinhlobo zemishini eseceleni komsebenzisi zihlukile ngaphansi kwezinhlobo ezahlukene zohlelo lokusebenza. Imishini eseceleni komsebenzisi ye-FTTH ne-FTTO isetshenziswa ngumsebenzisi oyedwa, obizwa ngokuthiONT(I-terminal yenethiwekhi ye-optical, i-terminal yenethiwekhi ye-optical), kanye nemishini eseceleni komsebenzisi ye-FTTB yabelwana ngabasebenzisi abaningi, ebizwa ngokuthiI-ONU(Iyunithi Yenethiwekhi Yokukhanya, iyunithi yenethiwekhi yokukhanya).
Umsebenzisi okukhulunywe ngaye lapha ubhekisela kumsebenzisi okhokhiswa ngokuzimela ngumqhubi, hhayi inani lama-terminal asetshenzisiwe. Isibonelo, i-ONT ye-FTTH ngokuvamile yabelwana ngama-terminal amaningi ekhaya, kodwa umsebenzisi oyedwa kuphela ongabalwa.
2. Izinhlobo ze-ONTs
I-ONT yilokho esivame ukukubiza ngokuthi i-optical modem, ehlukaniswe phakathi kwe-SFU (Iyunithi Yomndeni Owodwa, iyunithi yomsebenzisi womndeni owodwa), i-HGU (Iyunithi Yesango Lasekhaya, iyunithi yesango lasekhaya) kanye ne-SBU (Iyunithi Yebhizinisi Elilodwa, iyunithi yomsebenzisi webhizinisi elilodwa).
2.1. I-SFU
I-SFU ngokuvamile inezixhumi ze-Ethernet ezi-1 kuya kwezi-4, izixhumi zocingo eziqinile ezi-1 kuya kwezi-2, kanti amanye amamodeli nawo anezixhumi ze-TV yekhebula. I-SFU ayinawo umsebenzi wesango lasekhaya, futhi yi-terminal exhunywe echwebeni le-Ethernet kuphela engadayela ukuze ifinyelele i-inthanethi, futhi umsebenzi wokuphatha okude awunamandla. Imodemu ye-optical esetshenziswa esigabeni sokuqala se-FTTH ingeyase-SFU, engasetshenziswa kakhulu manje.
2.2. Ama-HGU
Amamodemu e-optical ahlonyiswe ngabasebenzisi be-FTTH avulwe eminyakeni yamuva nje wonkeI-HGUUma kuqhathaniswa ne-SFU, i-HGU inezinzuzo ezilandelayo:
(1) I-HGU iyidivayisi yesango, elula ukuxhumana kwasekhaya; kuyilapho i-SFU iyidivayisi yokudlulisa esobala, engenawo amakhono okungena, futhi ngokuvamile idinga ukubambisana kwamadivayisi esango afana nama-router asekhaya ekuxhumaneni kwasekhaya.
(2) I-HGU isekela imodi yokuqondisa futhi inomsebenzi we-NAT, okuyidivayisi ye-layer-3; kuyilapho uhlobo lwe-SFU lusekela kuphela imodi yokuhlanganisa i-layer-2, elingana neswishi ye-layer-2.
(3) I-HGU ingasebenzisa uhlelo lwayo lokudayela nge-broadband, futhi amakhompyutha axhunyiwe kanye nama-terminal eselula angafinyelela ngqo kwi-inthanethi ngaphandle kokudayela; kuyilapho i-SFU kumele idayelwe yikhompyutha yomsebenzisi noma ifoni ephathekayo noma nge-router yasekhaya.
(4) I-HGU ilula kakhulu ekuphathweni kokusebenza okukhulu kanye nokugcinwa kwayo.
I-HGU ivame ukuza neI-WiFi futhi ine-port ye-USB.
2.3. Ama-SBU
I-SBU isetshenziswa kakhulu ukufinyelela kumsebenzisi we-FTTO, futhi ngokuvamile ine-interface ye-Ethernet, kanti amanye amamodeli ane-interface ye-E1, i-interface yasendlini, noma umsebenzi we-wifi. Uma kuqhathaniswa ne-SFU ne-HGU, i-SBU inokusebenza okungcono kokuvikela kagesi kanye nokuqina okuphezulu, futhi ivame ukusetshenziswa emicimbini yangaphandle njengokuqapha ividiyo.
3. I-ONUTyebo
I-ONU ihlukaniswe ngezigaba ezimbili:I-MDU(Iyunithi Yezindawo Zokuhlala Eziningi, iyunithi yokuhlala abantu abaningi) kanye ne-MTU (Iyunithi Yabanini Bezindawo Zokuhlala Eziningi, iyunithi yokuhlala abantu abaningi).
I-MDU isetshenziswa kakhulu ukufinyelela abasebenzisi abaningi abahlala ezindaweni zokuhlala ngaphansi kohlobo lohlelo lokusebenza lwe-FTTB, futhi ngokuvamile inezindawo zokusebenzelana okungenani ezine, ngokuvamile ezinezindawo zokusebenzelana ze-FE ezingu-8, 16, 24 noma ze-FE+POTS (ezilungisiwe).
I-MTU isetshenziswa kakhulu ukufinyelela abasebenzisi abaningi bebhizinisi noma amatheminali amaningi ebhizinisini elifanayo esimweni se-FTTB. Ngaphezu kwesikhombimsebenzisi se-Ethernet kanye nesixhumi esiqinile sefoni, ingase futhi ibe nesixhumi esibonakalayo se-E1; ukuma nomsebenzi we-MTU ngokuvamile akufani nowe-MDU. Umehluko, kodwa ukusebenza kokuvikela kagesi kungcono futhi ukuzinza kuphakeme. Ngokuthandwa kwe-FTTO, izimo zokusetshenziswa kwe-MTU ziya ngokuya zincipha.
4. Isifinyezo
Ukufinyelela i-Broadband optical fiber kusebenzisa kakhulu ubuchwepheshe be-PON. Uma uhlobo oluthile lwemishini eseceleni komsebenzisi lungahlukaniswa, imishini eseceleni komsebenzisi yesistimu ye-PON ingabizwa ngokuthi yi-ONU.
ONU, ONT, SFU, HGU…lezi amadivayisi konke kuchaza imishini eseceleni komsebenzisi yokufinyelela i-broadband kusuka kuma-engeli ahlukene, futhi ubudlelwano phakathi kwayo buboniswe esithombeni esingezansi.
Isikhathi sokuthunyelwe: Ephreli-21-2023